TETRADYMUS.

original: "Tetradymus" is a Greek word meaning "four-fold," referring to the four distinct essays contained in this volume.

I. HODEGUS; or the PILLAR OF CLOUD AND FIRE, that guided the Israelites in the Wilderness, NOT MIRACULOUS: but, as faithfully related in Exodus, a thing equally practiced by other nations, and in those places not only useful but necessary. original: "Hodegus" is Greek for "The Guide." Toland argues that the biblical pillar of smoke and fire was a signal fire used for military navigation, a common practice in the ancient Near East.

II. CLIDOPHORUS; or of the EXOTERIC AND ESOTERIC PHILOSOPHY, that is, of the External and Internal Doctrine of the ancients; the one open and public, accommodated to popular prejudices and the established religions; the other private and secret, wherein, to the few capable and discreet, was taught the real TRUTH stripped of all disguises. original: "Clidophorus" is Greek for "The Key-bearer." This essay explores the idea that ancient philosophers hid their true, often radical, beliefs from the general public.

III. HYPATIA; or the history of a most beautiful, most virtuous, most learned, and EVERY WAY ACCOMPLISHED LADY; who was torn to pieces by the CLERGY of Alexandria, to gratify the pride, rivalry, and cruelty of their Archbishop CYRIL, commonly but undeservedly styled Saint CYRIL.

IV. MANGONEUTES: being a DEFENSE OF NAZARENUS, addressed to the Right Reverend JOHN, Lord Bishop of London; against his Lordship’s Chaplain Dr. MANGEY, his Dedicator Mr. PATTERSON, and (who ought to have been named first) the Reverend Dr. BRETT, once belonging to his Lordship’s Church. original: "Mangoneutes" is a Greek-derived term meaning "a detector of impostures" or "one who exposes a juggler." Toland is here defending his previous book, Nazarenus, which argued that early Jewish Christians (Ebionites) held the original, true version of Christianity.

By Mr. T O L A N D.

original Hebrew: "אֲבִּיעָה חִידוֹת מִנִּי קֶדֶם" (Abiah hidot minni kedem). This is a quote from Psalm 78:2, emphasizing the author's intent to reveal hidden or ancient truths.

LONDON Printed: And Sold by J. Brotherton and W. Meadows in Cornhill, J. Roberts in Warwick Lane, W. Meres outside Temple Bar, W. Chetwood in Covent Garden, S. Chapman in Pall Mall, and J. Graves in St. James’s Street. 1720.