OUTLINE OF EGYPTIAN HISTORY

Seti I original: "Sēthos I" (around original: "circa" 1320–1300 B.C.) fights against the Bedouins of Palestine. His son, Ramesses II (around original: "circa" 1300–1234 B.C.), wages a long war with the Hittite empire in Asia Minor for the possession of Palestine (pages 261–270) and founds the new royal residence, the House of Ramesses known as Pi-Ramesses, this city became the capital of the 19th Dynasty (pages 206, 270 ff.). The power of the empire begins to decline. Under his son, Merneptah original: "Mernephtah", there is a war against the Libyans and battles in Palestine against several peoples, including the tribe of Israel (pages 274–278). This is followed by a period of internal disorder.

Dynasty 20: The reign of Ramesses III (around original: "circa" 1200–1169 B.C.) marks a period of temporary revival; however, under his successors—who all bore the name Ramesses—there is a complete downfall of central power.

Dynasty 21: Around original: "circa" 1090–945 B.C.
The high priest of Amun original: "Amūn", Hrihor original: "Hrihōr", becomes king in Thebes, while other princes rule in other cities; for example, Smendes in Tanis (page 175).

Dynasty 22: Shoshenq original: "Sheshonk", one of the Libyan princes who had long been settled in the country, makes himself king around 945 B.C. His family reigns over various different principalities.

Then follow: around original: "circa" 712 B.C., the conquest by the Ethiopians referring to the Kushite kings of the 25th Dynasty; around 670 B.C., the conquest by the Assyrians. Under the family of Psamtik I original: "Psammetikhos I" (663–525 B.C.), the unhappy country enjoys a final period of revival, but the Persians put an end to this in 525 B.C. Egypt becomes independent again at various intervals until it finally falls to Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.