LOGICAL THINKING

Mill The text refers to "Mills," but this is a reference to the philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806–1873). says of Inductive Reasoning:

“The inductive method used by ancient thinkers involved treating statements as general truths if they were true in every instance we knew about. Francis Bacon An English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626) credited with developing the scientific method. exposed the flaws in this method, and scientific research original: "physical investigation" has now progressed far beyond Bacon’s original ideas. . . . Induction, therefore, is the process by which we conclude that what we know to be true in one or more specific cases will also be true in all cases that are similar in specific, identifiable ways. In other words, induction is the process of concluding that what applies to specific members of a group original: "class" applies to the entire group, or that what happens at certain times will happen again under similar circumstances at all times.”

Regarding Deductive Reasoning, a writer says:

“Deductive Reasoning is the process of reasoning where we reach inevitable original: "necessary" consequences by starting from accepted or proven premises Statements or ideas taken to be true and used as a base for an argument..”

Brooks Likely Edward Brooks (1831–1912), an American educator and author of influential logic textbooks. says:

“The general truths we use to reason our way toward specific details original: "particulars" come from several different sources. Some are intuitive, such as the axioms Self-evident truths that are accepted without proof, such as "the whole is greater than the part." of mathematics or logic. Some of them are—”