(Numbers in bold type correspond to the paragraph numbers used in both the Armenian text and this translation.
Page numbers in italics refer to the original text; page numbers in standard type refer to this translation.)

INTRODUCTION 1-3

I. POSITIVE TEACHING ON GOD: inscrutable, eternal, unique, creator: 1 ......................................................................................... 9   11
II. FIRST GENERAL RESPONSE: 2-3
1. Regarding the problem of evil, which will be treated at length in Section I of Part I: addressed to the pagan Greeks, the Magi, and the heretics: 2 ................................................................................................. 10   12
The "Magi" refers to the Zoroastrian priestly caste of ancient Persia, whose dualistic beliefs Eznik argues against.
2. Regarding the non-aseity of creatures, which will be treated at length in Section II of Part I (excluding the conclusion of Part I): 3 ................................................................................. 11   13
Aseity is a theological term meaning "existence from oneself." Non-aseity refers to the status of created beings who depend on a creator for their existence.

PART ONE

original Armenian: "artakʻinkʻ." This term literally means "those outside" and refers to non-Christians, specifically pagan philosophers and practitioners of other religions.

SECTION I

THE PROBLEM OF EVIL (ERROR UNDER CONSIDERATION: DUALISM) 4-266

I. THE PROBLEM OF EVIL AND FREEDOM 4-230
1. Adversaries under consideration: the Greeks 4-144
A. Against the Valentinians: the origin of evil: Man's disobedience 4-56
The Valentinians were a prominent Gnostic sect in the early Christian era, named after their founder Valentinus.
a. PRESENTATION OF THEIR SOLUTION 4 ............................................................................. 14   17
b. RESPONSE 5-56
α. DIFFICULTY OF THE QUESTION 5 .................................................................. 15   18
β. RESPONSE PROPERLY SO-CALLED 6-56
α'. Impossibility of two uncreated beings (God and matter) coexisting 6-12 ................................................................................................................. 15   19
I. God within matter 7-11 ............................................................................. 15   19
1. The whole of God within the whole of matter 8 ............................ 15   19
2. God within a part of the matter 9 ................................................... 15   19