De la Pirotechnia

iii

BOOK SIX.

Chapter 1. On the quality of the earth for making the molds for casting bronzes original: "bronzi"; specifically copper-tin alloys used for heavy castings like cannons and bells.. page 76.
Chapter 2. On the order and methods with which molds for casting bronzes in general should be made. page 77.
Chapter 3. On the differences between types of artillery original: "artigliarie"; early modern cannons and large firearms. and their measurements. page 78.
Chapter 4. On the orders and various methods used in making molds for figures that are to be made of bronze. page 80.
Chapter 5. On the orders and methods of making molds for artillery. page 83.
Chapter 6. How the cores original: "anime," literally "souls"; the internal structures placed inside a mold to create the hollow bore of a cannon or the inside of a statue. should be made in the molds for artillery. page 85.
Chapter 7. Methods of making the third part of the mold called the breech original: "culatta"; the heavy rear section of a cannon.. page 87.
Chapter 8. Method of making the disk to consolidate the cores. page 87.
Chapter 9. Method of consolidating the core in the molds at the foot of the artillery pieces. page 88.
Chapter 10. On the pours and vents original: "gitti & sfiatatoi"; the channels through which molten metal enters and air or gases escape the mold. of the molds in general. page 89.
Chapter 10. Note: The numbering in the original text repeats "Chapter 10" for several distinct topics. On the baking original: "ricocer"; the process of firing or drying out clay molds to prevent explosions from moisture during casting. of molds for casting bronzes in general. page 89.
Chapter 11. Cautions and considerations one must have in making artillery. page 92.
Chapter 10. Methods of making molds for bells of every size and their measurement. page 94.
Chapter 13. Standard for what weight the clappers original: "battagli"; the internal swinging hammers of a bell. should be according to the sizes. page 98.
Chapter 14. Method of tuning original: "bellicar," likely referring to the adjustment of the bell's sound or its "navel" (the sound bow). the bells. page 99.
Chapter 15. Method of welding bells. page 100.

BOOK SEVEN.

Chapter 1. Method of making the reverberatory furnaces original: "fornaci... a reuerbero"; a type of furnace where the flame is deflected or "reverberated" off the roof onto the metal being melted, separating it from the fuel. for melting metals with wood flames. page 101.
Chapter 2. Method of melting metals in a basin original: "catino"; a hearth or pool used for melting large quantities of metal.. page 104.
Chapter 3. Method of melting with a ladle original: "cazza"; a small-scale melting method using a handheld or fixed iron ladle. using charcoal and bellows. page 105.
Chapter 3. Method of melting metals in a crucible original: "crogiolo.". page 105.
Chapter 4. Method of melting in a blast furnace. page 106.
Chapter 5. On the fusion of bronzes and other metals in general. page 107.
Chapter 6. On bronzes and alloys original: "metalli alligati." for making castings in general. page 109.
Chapter 7. Methods to arrange various machines original: "ingegni"; mechanical devices or water-powered systems. for moving the bellows to strengthen the fires for melting. page 109.
Chapter 8. On the finishing of artillery and the order of the carriages. page 112.
Chapter 9. Methods of melting iron to make balls to be fired with artillery. page 117.