Chemical [Beginner]

...either by inclination, or by descent; and these indeed are performed through various vessels and furnaces, such as through a straight cucurbit original: "cucurbitam"; a gourd-shaped vessel that serves as the base of a still. or an alembic original: "alembicum"; the cap or head of a still that redirects vapors to be condensed. made of glass or earthenware, through a copper bladder original: "vesicam æneam"; a large copper distilling vessel or pot., or through a glass or earthenware retort original: "retortam"; a vessel with a long, downward-pointing neck used for distilling substances that require higher heat..

Furthermore, distillation receives various names from the furnaces and instruments used: such as distillation by B. original: "per B."; an abbreviation for Balneum Mariae or Mary's Bath, a water bath used for gentle, even heating., by "horse belly" original: "per ventrem equinum"; a method of using the natural heat generated by decomposing horse manure for long-term digestion or distillation., by ashes, by sand, by the bell-glass, by the reverberatory furnace A furnace that reflects or "reverberates" heat onto the vessel from the roof., and so on.

Distillation by Mary’s Bath and horse dung is suitable for things of a lighter structure, such as herbs and liquids. However, caution must be taken with very "hot" herbs In early medicine, herbs were classified by their qualities; "hot" herbs were considered more pungent or active. such as Wormwood, Sage, Rosemary, etc., lest we use too gentle a heat and raise up useless phlegm original: "flegma"; the watery, tasteless, and medicinally inactive part of a distilled substance. rather than the essence.

But in Lettuce, Endive, and similar things of a thinner substance, a moderate heat should be used. Distillation by ashes or sand is suitable for things of a firmer consistency, such as seeds, woods, roots, and the like. Through the copper bladder, however, not only thin things are distilled, but also firmer ones, provided they have been pre-macerated Soaked or softened. in their own solvent menstruum|A liquid solvent used in alchemy to extract the essential virtues of a solid substance..

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