Chemical Beginner

Nearly all mineral spirits are drawn out from fiery and volatile things original: "rebus halabilibus"; substances that can be turned into a vapor or breath. by the force of fire, mostly by means of a retort, though some are also raised straight up referring to distillation "per ascensum," where vapors rise vertically into a condenser..

Circulation

This is the exaltation exaltation: the process of refining a substance to increase its potency or "virtue" of a pure liquid through a circular dissolution in a Pelican, driven by heat. It is done as follows:

A Pelican A specialized distillation vessel with two side-arms that loop back into the main body, named for its resemblance to a bird pecking its breast to feed its young., or a vessel made in imitation of it, is filled with the extracted liquid that is to be thinned original: "attenuabili"; capable of being refined or made less dense., such that four or five parts of the glass remain empty. It is placed in dung horse manure, which was used as a source of steady, gentle heat as it decomposed. or a Water-Bath original: "B." for "Balneum Mariae," a double boiler setup. up to the level of the liquid or slightly higher, so that the remaining part of the vessel stands out in cooler air. In this way, thinning occurs below, and coagulation occurs above. This continues until the desired refinement meets one's wishes. If any impurity or dregs original: "feculenti"; sediment or waste material. still remained in the liquid, they usually settle to the bottom. In this operation, the heat must be moderate and continuous.

Filtration

This is performed on moist substances, from which thin wateriness passes through, while thick and oily parts remain behind. It is done either by