Notable Commentaries on the History of Plants

...sticks together, and like a very long worm, it hangs suspended from a single stalk, and appears before the fruit.

L

Tear. Tear [Lachryma] is that fluid which leaps forth and appears as soon as a cut is made in the trunk, or a branch, or even in the wood itself.
Down. Down [Lanugo] in herbs and trees is a certain woolly hairiness, by which leaves and small stalks become white and fuzzy.
Inner bark. Inner bark [Liber] is the interior part of the bark which adheres more closely to the wood; it gave its name to the books The Latin word "liber" means both "inner bark" and "book," as bark was once used as a writing surface. in which we write.
Pound. Pound [Libra] in the Roman measure contains twelve measured ounces.
Ligula. Ligulaoriginal: "Ligula" is said to be the fourth part of a cyathus About 11ml or two teaspoons., that is, half an ounce, with two scrupula Small Roman weights removed.
Compartments. Compartments [Loculamenta] are the coverings of seeds, which enclose them like little boxes.
Bean-meal. Bean-meal [Lomentum] is the flour of beans.
Fringes. Fringes [Laciniæ] are the outermost parts of a leaf cut into small pieces for the sake of beauty, or the incisions of the highest edges. From this, leaves arranged in segments through curves, or divided by natural cuttings, are called "laciniated" or fringed. There are some, however, who use "laciniose" to mean "sinuous."

M

Pomegranate rind. Pomegranate rind [Malicorium] is the husk of the pomegranate fruit.
Mallet-shoot. Mallet-shoot [Malleolus] is a new vine-shoot born from the branch of the previous year; it is so named from its resemblance to the object, because in that part where it is cut from the old wood, it protrudes on both sides, offering the appearance of a little mallet. Or, it is because it used to be planted with "hair" Referring to fine roots and forks on both sides.
Womb. Womb [Matrix], see under the entry for Heart [Cor].
Marrow. Marrow [Medulla], see in the same place.
Point. Point [Mucro] is the sharp tip in which any part ends. Thus the ends of many leaves, certain pods, and all thorns are sharpened into a point.
Moss. Moss [Muscus] is that which appears downy on the surface of the bark of certain trees, like certain gray hairs of the trees themselves. In some cases, it is also a hairy cluster of little flowers seen on the trees, which is accustomed to be called moss because it is interwoven and flowers densely, as in Privet and many others.
Fly-whisk. Fly-whisks [Muscaria] are the foliage of herbs radiating in a circle, and the tops gathered into bundles; so named from the resemblance to a fan, by whose waving flies are driven away from guests.

N

Nut-clusters. Nut-clusters [Nucamenta] are those things which hang from the branches of walnut trees, oaks, and pitch-pines in a scaly, hardened bundle: so called because they are, as it were, certain rudiments of nature learning how to make a pine nut.

O

Eye. Eye [Oculus] is that little bud in the forks of herbs, said to be the first evidence of germination.

P

Palm. Palm [Palma] is the name for a larger vine-shoot, from which the grapes are born.
Palm-measure. Palm [Palmus] was of two types for the ancients. The "Lesser" was considered to be four fingers wide, called palaistēs by the Greeks original Greek: παλαιστὴς. The "Greater" was of twelve fingers,

called spithamē by the Greeks original Greek: σπιθαμὴ; a span.
Shoots. Shoots [Palmites] are those which come forth every year from the trunks and cuttings: so named because they put forth little branches like fingers in the manner of human palms.
Vine-leaves. Vine-foliage [Pampini] are the leafy hair of the branching twigs and the little stalks that cherish the fruit and protect it from impending injury. Hence, "to pampinate" is to pull away superfluous foliage from the vineyard after it has leafed out.
Panicle. Panicle [Paniculla] can be called anything that swells in an oblong or somewhat round shape, such as that which hangs from the branches of pitch-pines. The Latins also called the woolly head in millet, panic-grass, and reeds a "panicle," as well as those which many herbs in the fields and rushes in marshes bear.
Down. Down [Pappus] is, for both Greeks and Latins, the woolly fuzz falling from flowers or fruits. Thus also certain woolly hairs, which remain when some herbs finish flowering and afterwards vanish into the breezes, are called "pappi," as happens in groundsel, sow-thistle, and many others.
Little foot. Stalk [Pediculus], or what has the same meaning, the Petiolus, is that by which a leaf, fruit, or flower hangs.
Props. Props [Pedamenta] are those things by which a vineyard stands upright, that is, on which it rests as if on feet. Some also call them pedamina.
Little ball. Little ball [Pilula], see Winter-nut [Cachrys].
Pyramid. Pyramid [Pyramis], see Cone [Conus].
Offset. Offset [Propago] is a little old vine pressed down and submerged into the earth through bent arches, so that many may emerge from one.
Pulp. Pulp [Pulpa] in trees is what we call muscle in the bodies of animals.
Raised bed. Mound [Puluinus] is that which protrudes slightly between furrows, so called because it reflects a certain likeness to the cushions [puluinorum] on which we sit.

Q

The Quincuncial figure is the middle of that figure which signified a decussis The Roman numeral X to the ancients. Indeed, the decussis was made in the form of the letter X, which among the Latins signifies ten. And if this is cut through the middle, the figure V will remain, which demonstrates the number five, and thus the quincunx. But this figure, when multiplied many times both above and below, creates the shape which is called quincuncial. The little stalks of Maidenhair fern [Trichomanes] clearly produce such a pattern. It was decided to include illustrations of the quincunx form and the quincuncial order below.

A diagram illustrates the quincunx pattern. On the left is a large Roman numeral 'V'. On the right, a series of diagonal lines and points form a lattice of X-shapes, labeled "Quincuncial order," representing the geometric arrangement of five points like the spots on a die.

R

Cluster. Cluster [Racemus] is taken to mean a bunch of grapes. Nor is it only of the vine itself, but also of ivy, and other herbs or shrubs producing certain clusters. That branched part from which the berries hang is also called by this name.
Branches. Branches [Rami] are those which, split upon the stalk, are spread out in many ways.