The Mariner's Mirror (1584) - Page 8

...Wales and England, as the same lands reveal themselves, according to their miles, winds, and stretches.

A detailed maritime chart shows the Bristol Channel and the surrounding coasts of Wales and South West England. The map includes several islands, such as Flat Holm and Steep Holm. Coastal towns like Cardiff, Newport, Chepstow, and Bristol are marked alongside river mouths. Numerical depth soundings appear throughout the channel to assist navigators. A large three-masted ship is positioned in the lower-left. A highly ornate cartouche at the bottom right features architectural scrolls and a scallop shell. A decorative scale box appears at the bottom left. Along the bottom edge, a horizontal coastal profile view is labeled with the letter c to show how the land looks from the sea.

The island of Brisons original: "Insula Bresana" is four miles away. Lying off from the end of the land, one north.

Famous Channel

or navigation from Bristol, and an accurate delineation of the entire situation between

the Low Countries original: "Galliam Belgicam," referring to the Netherlands and surrounding regions and Britain,

and the true appearance of the same land with its miles,

winds, and coordinates.

Description

of the famous Channel, or fairway of Bristol, the

entire situation between Wales and England;

as the same lands reveal themselves, according to their

miles, winds, and stretches.

Signature at bottom of cartouche:

Johannes van Doetecum made this.

1 2 3 4 5 15 miles corresponding to one degree. 15 miles for one degree.

3 4 5 6
17 1/2 miles corresponding to one degree.
17 1/2 German miles for one degree.
These measurements refer to Dutch and German maritime miles, which were significantly longer than the modern statute mile.

Selected map labels (clockwise from top left):

PART
Cardiff
Newport
Chepstow
River Severn original: "Sabrina fluvius"
Aust
Bristol original: "Bristow"
Bristol
Pensford
Pill original: "Krapekyll"
Kingston Seymour original: "Kynroo"
Axbridge
Huntspill
River Parrett
Watchet
Dunster
Slopaert Likely referring to Stert Point or the nearby flats.
† Sandbank before Bristol, above water at low tide.
Cardiff sand, above water at low tide.
Sully Island
Barry
Winston Castle
Donats
Slech, or Flat Holm
Steep Holm
Two fathoms at low water.

The face of the land of Slopaert toward the East when it is two miles distant from you toward the South.
c. Thus the land appears east of Slopaert; when it is east by south of you, two miles away.

Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, Inventor original: "Lucas Ioannes Aurigarius," using the Latinized form of his surname meaning "Wagoner."