A. This is how the northern coast of England appears, when sailing alongside it

original: "Septentrionalis littoris Angliæ vultus duorum a littore miliarium spatio navigantibus inter flu..." The appearance of the northern coast of England for those sailing at a distance of two miles from the shore between the river...

An engraving from the late 16th century shows a nautical chart of the eastern coast of England. It focuses on the area around The Wash and the Norfolk and Lincolnshire coastlines. At the top, a coastal profile shows the land as seen from the sea, labeling landmarks like Flamborough Head, Filey, and Scarborough. The main map illustrates the coast from Grimsby to Blakeney. It includes details of towns with church icons, sandbanks, and many depth soundings for safe navigation. Rhumb lines crisscross the water, and a large ship is visible at the bottom. A decorative compass rose on the right edge marks East.

The following geographic labels and names are transcribed from the map surface.

Coastal Profile (top):

• Flamborough Head
• Filey
• Scarborough

Towns and Coastal Landmarks:

• Lynn modern King's Lynn
• Walpole
• Sutton
• Boston
• Lark
• Rafingprong Possibly a phonetic rendering of a local coastal feature or settlement near Skegness
• Skegness
• Somercotes original: "Somhal"
• Kelfin
• Deep Tower
• Grimsby original: "Gryn"
• River Humber original: "Humber fluvius"
• Raue
• Ellen Knots Reference to sandbanks or "knots" of land near the shore
• St. Edmund's Chapel
• Burnham
• Burnham Pit
• Hatbom Likely Heacham
• Wells
• Blakeney original: "Blacqney"

Maritime Features:

• Long Sand
• Burnham Sand
• Pool and Pepper A specific area of sandbanks known for their difficulty
• D E S C R I B E D? Faint large letters across the center-bottom sea

Compass Directions:

• EAST original: "OOST Oriens"
• SOUTH original: "ZVYDT Meridies"; text is oriented upside down relative to the top of the page

Description of the Humber, Lynn,

A decorative woodcut initial 'E' is depicted, adorned with foliage and intertwining vines, typical of early printed maritime guides.
Firstly, to sail from the open sea toward the deeps of Lynn original: "Lindt", modern King's Lynn: keep the long, blunt tower between the two long towers; then you are in the correct fairway of Lynn. When the chapel then lies East of you, and the trees come over the Inner Hook at West Chapel Possibly a reference to Chapel St. Leonards or a similar coastal landmark near the Wash, then steer Southeast and Southeast by South toward the first buoy; then you are in the East Deep of Lynn. Then steer south-southwest and south by west until the first beacon. From there, proceed south-southwest to the second beacon. And further to the third beacon, steering southwest by west. Continue toward the two buoys, steering southwest and southwest by west, until you round the hook of the land. From there, one may run through the sands into the West Gate a "gate" or "gat" is a navigable channel through a sandbank or between islands, and sail out again by the buoys and marks. This West Gate extends into the sea Northeast and northeast by east.

And if anyone desires to sail into the Boston original: "Bolston" Deep, he should run along the coastline and sail in close to the forward beach; in this way, one cannot run aground on the Ellen-hook. When the three trees are near St. Somkal Possibly a corruption of St. Botolph, whose famous "Stump" tower in Boston is a primary landmark for sailors...