NEW MANNER

2ND FORM.

A large rectangular technical diagram labeled "2ND FORM." It illustrates a bird's-eye or plan view of a foundation structure composed of many vertical piles arranged in a dense grid. The entire structure is enclosed in a rectangular border. The diagram relates to the hydraulic engineering techniques described in the text, specifically for stabilizing the "Dam" using dovetail-jointed piles.

To explain now how the foundations of Damsoriginal: "Dodanes"; sloping embankments or water-retaining structures. can be secured with these dovetail pilesoriginal: "pieux à queuës d'arondelles"; interlocking timber piles that prevent separation and seepage., I am providing first the plan of this 3rd Figure, in which A signifies the base of the Dam, being a quadrangle enclosed by dovetail piles that are drivenoriginal: "hiez"; from the French "hier," meaning to hammer or ram piles into the earth. very deep, and of which only the tops are seen here; B is the exterior water, and D is the Dikeoriginal: "Dicque"; a levee or embankment used to manage water levels.. The sand or mud that is inside the quadrangle A is pulled up from under the water, using tools like those used to extract peat in Holland, which can be done to a depth of 20 feet (I have specified "under water" here so that the floating sand does not rise up); afterward, one drives piles without dovetails into this quadrangular pit to support the masonryoriginal: "massonnerie"; then, one fills the empty spaces between the piles with good clayoriginal: "arguille"; an older spelling of "argile," used here for its waterproofing properties.. Note also that this Dam extends at both ends D into the Dike, and not simply up against it, so that because of having too little material, there does not occur a lateral breach, just as a lack of material causes leaks beneath the Dam, as was mentioned previously regarding the 1st Figure.