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On Affected Parts, Book 4

LL

Regarding the conditions in the eyes, I shall now first of all provide an accurate distinction for you, setting before you all the primary principles—both those written previously by me and those by others before me—concerning the causes and the signs of the affected parts. My purpose is that from these things I have stated through my own commentaries and those written before my time, you may demonstrate and discover the matters currently under discussion, whenever you compare these very same affected parts against those that are in a natural state. However, it is not enough merely to know the parts themselves, nor the dispositions original: "diatheseis"; referring to the internal state or "constitution" of an organ that leads to health or disease. within them that are contrary to nature. This is because the causes of the activities directed toward a specific end reside within the organs themselves. In the present discourse, our goal is not the causes of the symptoms, but rather the affected parts themselves and the extent to which their activities are impaired—whether this impairment arises from the affected parts themselves, or through sympathy original: "sympatheia"; the medical concept where one part of the body suffers because of a primary disease in another connected part..

I will speak first about the symptoms in the eyes, which both physicians and laypeople alike call glaucomas and suffusions original: "hypochymata"; what modern medicine identifies as cataracts.. For this is what the ancients were accustomed to call them, as did the more recent physicians after them. Now, "glaucomas" refer only to a change of the crystalline humor original: "krystalloeidous"; the lens of the eye, which ancient doctors believed was the primary organ of sight. into a blue-gray color. They use the term "suffusions," however, whenever an unnatural fluid accumulates in the space between the crystalline humor and the cornea original: "keratoeidous"; the transparent front layer of the eye.. The ancients called this a "fusion" original: "chyma", while those after them called it a "suffusion." They say that all glaucomas are incurable, but of the suffusions, some are curable and others are incurable. Before one claims a suffusion is curable, it is necessary to learn its specific quality and its quantity. One must also attempt to diagnose the difference in color, size, and shape, alongside other signs; indeed, this must be the goal of the present discourse. The eyes and the parts affected within them are thus identified in this manner.

In addition to the eyes, one must now also distinguish concerning the other sense organs. When the olfactory passages are disordered, or when the anterior ventricles original: "koiliais"; cavities within the brain. of the brain are not pure, or when the pneuma original: "pneuma"; the "vital breath" or "spirit" believed to flow through the nerves to facilitate sensation and movement. within them changes in its quantity, or is moved by a malignant quality. It is necessary, then, to test the signs? against one another. For in this case, the outer parts, or the whole of the brain, may have become dried out, or one of them might be filled, or there may be a spreading sore original: "nomas"; a corrosive or gangrenous ulcer. or such a diagnosis. Thus, concerning the transverse parts, one must now ask such questions. Since anyone might put forward the faces of all people, while being ignorant of the color of the matter, he covered it; for the ancients ask about the alteration of the voice of the sick person...
toward the [matters] of the delusions I might finish those things which first that?
of these to appear; but first those before? Celsus?
both in the constriction? of the pericardium or? in? the? stomach?
likewise? it will be said? elsewhere? the matters? concerning? the? afflictions?
and the complexity? of the harm? they have? to hear? and? everything?
in? these? he is accustomed? to hear? the first? evidences? but?
the hollow? strongly? will be? the eyes?...