Medical Compendium: Galen and Hippocrates

innate? and of the spirit? original: "πνεύματος" (pneuma). In this context, it refers to the vital breath or "animal spirit" that mediates between the soul and the body.; for the change is not only in our underlying bodies, but also in the very judgments we hold. For those choices that are beyond one's power do not cease? changing; since for all those who are angry, the retribution of justice is most sweet. It is likely, then, that desires are both of the soul and of the body?; for changes do not occur? only in bodies...

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The power of the soul which is unyielding? against pains and dangers is called courage andreia original: "ἀνδρεία." This is one of the four cardinal virtues, specifically the strength to face fear or pain.. There is also endurance...

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Angers toward? one’s own kin are the hardest to soothe; wherefore Euripides A famous Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 BC) frequently quoted by later philosophers to illustrate psychological points. says:

But? when anger arises among kin?, the encounter is harsh and hard to heal?. original: "Ἀλλ' ὅταν οἰκείοις ὀργὴ καταστῇ..." This is a quote from Euripides' play, Medea.

And again:

Harsh? are wars and battles?.

These things concern violent pains and pleasures; but it [the soul or a specific judgment] also puts a stop to the pains and the things that have happened?. Consequently, a certain judgment of insult or injustice in all those who have been angry immediately changes; therefore... this [occurs] before the anger... and grief occurring? with the acceptance of endurance?...

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Fear phobos is divided into six parts: into hesitation, into veneration, into shame, into amazement, into consternation, and into anxiety.

Hesitation oknos is a fear of a future activity.
Veneration aidos Also translated as "modesty" or "reverence." is a fear based on the expectation of blame; this passion is most beautiful.
Shame aischyne is a fear regarding a shameful deed already done; it is not without hope...
Amazement ekplexis is a fear arising from a mental image...
Consternation kataplexis is a fear arising from an unfamiliar habit...
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Just as desire is directed toward the good, so also fear is directed toward the evil...
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Whatever the condition of the body might be, of such a kind must the fear necessarily be...
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It must be defined? from the beginning that?...