The Works of Virgil

Around the Silarus A river in Lucania, southern Italy, now known as the Sele. and the holm-oaks of green Alburnus A mountain range in Lucania near the Silarus river.,
there flies a thick swarm; the Roman name for it is asilus The gadfly, a biting insect that torments livestock., to which original: "CVI"
the Greeks have given the name oestros in their own tongue.
It is a harsh-sounding pest, by which entire forests are driven
to flight; the air is shaken by their terrified lowing,
as are the woods and the banks of the parched Tanagrus A tributary of the Silarus river..
With this monster, Juno Queen of the gods; in the poem, she uses the gadfly as a tool of divine vengeance. once exercised her horrible wrath
when she devised a plague by Juno original: "IVNO PESTEM" for the Inachian heifer Io, daughter of Inachus, whom Juno transformed into a cow and tormented with a gadfly out of jealousy over Jupiter's affection..
From this pest too—for it attacks more fiercely in the midday heat—
you must shield your flock, and pasture your cattle while the sun original: "SOLE"
is freshly risen original: "RECENS ORTV" or when the stars usher in the night.
After birth, all care is transferred to the calves;
immediately, they brand them with marks and the names of their breed,
choosing those they wish to rear for breeding the flock,
or to keep as sacred for the altars, or to cleave the earth
and turn the rough field, breaking the clods of soil.
The rest [of the cattle] are pastured original: "CETERA PASCVNTVR" through the green grass.