Now, the form of the median vein, which is a bloodsucker likely referring to the practice of phlebotomy/leeching. It functions to draw from the nostrils. See that the truth is cold, so rose oil and spikenard should be applied. Thus, if there is a flow in the vein, in the diastole and joint suffering, you may see in the practice of medicine, in the second book, that there is much. Fumigate before preparing, and that which is most in the stiffness of the generative members, and often they will appear. If, however, cold oil is used against hot vices, because it promotes another head [treatment], and for the furrows of the roots, wash [it]. Let the bloodsucker, rooting by rubbing and spreading, be placed upon the area, and leave it there for a night. In the morning, you will find that it sprouts upon the head of the infirm and draws out the heavy [humors]. Wash the head of the sick with strong vinegar, and do this for the whole day in a distributed poultice, and likewise for three nights. Study these, and you will rest without doubt.

Here begins the Second Chapter

Concerning the evacuation of the Brain, etc.

The operation of the brain is from coldness, so says Razes Rhazes/Al-Razi, a renowned Persian physician, and to the extent of its heat, the heart does not protrude as a member, other than that which is able to oppose [it]. It signifies others, and it is innate and doubled. It is born, and it is profitable for the brain to be opposite the heart, and between [them], the head is created because of the power for the creation of the heart. The brain is situated externally and water [is] the cold brain, which Galen Ancient Greek physician says is divided into the right and

left part. It also has a middle line, as the physicians say, that the middle ventricles differ; however, by holes, it is not a superfluity, nor is it of the most opulent members. Its nature is naturally situated as a membrane between the body, that is to say, between the matter born from [the] faculty; hence, it is similar in humans for the human, because no fate appears in it. And through this, it is proximate because the blood is not in it purely as in the great vein, and it does not have members, but nevertheless, it has some blood and superfluity. Others, many physicians, say that the brain has sensation, but it is not altered when destroyed, that is, when it is destroyed, then it feels, and not when it is altered. The brain is not in bodies except for natural refraction. A man has a brain according to the size of his body, and it is the brain of a man, greater than the brain of a woman. In the brain, the medical [authorities] say there is plenitude, and there are pure small bones, and as it is said in the second [book] concerning the brain, the brain of a man is not very moist, not very... [but] they give it [qualities] such that the form that is protested alone has [it] and receives the lesion, while the others are not unequal. The brain is not divided into two, but the front and the back. The back is [of a different] color, [as] seen by the author. In the middle of the brain is the place, profound and long, reaching until it holds the brain; that which is the rest is the principal [part] of the man, according to the mutations of the place, [and] the bone is weak, as much as the brain and as much as from that part where the neck joins.