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Rules? original: "Canones"
Commentaries? without? struggle? number? original: "hypomnemata sine pygna numerus"
and? precise? mathematics? of Würzburg?
Commentary on the Arithmetic of Boethius Boethius (c. 480–524 AD) was the foundational authority for medieval mathematics; his "De Arithmetica" was the standard textbook for centuries.
Hermann’s Astrolabe Refers to Hermann of Reichenau (1013–1054), also known as Hermannus Contractus, a brilliant monk who wrote influential treatises on the astrolabe—an instrument used to tell time and calculate the positions of celestial bodies.
from sc The Geometry of Gerbert Gerbert of Aurillac (c. 946–1003), who reigned as Pope Sylvester II, was instrumental in reintroducing the abacus and Arabic numerals to Western Europe.
The Game of Soldiers or Chess original: "Ludus latrunculorum sine scaci." This likely refers to a strategy board game. "Latrunculi" was a Roman game of tactics, here compared to or distinguished from "scaci" (chess).
Musical Rules of Würzburg
Geometry : Music
The Measurement of the Lion original: "Mensura leonis"; this could refer to a specific astronomical calculation regarding the constellation Leo or a geometric problem involving a lion-shaped figure.
of Erhard Weights and Measures
Astrology : Music In the medieval mind, music and the movements of the stars were deeply linked through the concept of "musica mundana" or the "music of the spheres."
The Geometry of Adelbold. Adelbold II of Utrecht (c. 970–1026) was a bishop and mathematician known for his work on the area of a sphere.
Weights and measures of miny?
The Astrolabe
A faint sketch resembling a hand or a pointed tool—perhaps a pointer or a stylus—is visible on the right. Later 19th-century library marks "707" and "604" appear at the bottom.
This is the official property stamp of the institution now known as the Bavarian State Library (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).