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PART FIRST

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INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER I.

THE LIFE OF PHILOXENUS.

1. The material available for a biography of Philoxenus is not very abundant. Little is known, especially of his early life. Yet he was a prominent leader in the great movement which took place in Syria in the fifth and sixth centuries against the doctrines of Nestorius and Eutyches, and against the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, a movement which resulted in the peculiar heresy known by the name of Monophysitism in specie in its specific form (¹) or Jacobite Monophysitism (²).

The few facts which we possess regarding Philoxenus' career are derived from sources which may be divided into two classes: Syriac and non-Syriac. The principal non-Syriac sources consist of short passages in the works of Theodore the Reader (³),

(¹) Hefele, Conciliengeschichte History of the Councils, vol. II, p. 564.
(²) This heresy is still professed not only by the Jacobites of Syria, but also by the dissident Copts, Armenians, and Abyssinians (cf. Adolphe d'Avril, Documents relatifs aux Eglises d'Orient Documents relative to the Churches of the East, ch. III).
(³) Migne, Patrologia Graeca (P. G.) Greek Patrology, vol. 86, p. 216.