Practical Manual of Artillery

the aforementioned just and perfect ones. Chap. 37. 34
On the manner of cutting the ladles for pieces of this first type. Chap. 38. 34
On some particular warnings regarding the loading of pieces of this first type with the aforementioned ladles. Chap. 39. 35
On the ladles that Bombardiers must use when they have occasion to dispense fine powder, and on their length. Chap. 40. 36
On the manner of forming another sort of ladle for this first type of artillery, for the purpose of loading with it in a single stroke. Chap. 41. 37
On the number of paces that all pieces of this first type fire, both along the plane or level of their bore, as well as at the point of their greatest elevation. Chap. 42. 38
On the reasons why a piece of artillery, being well aligned and aimed at the mark one is firing at, will make the shot high or low, or wide of the mark. Chap. 43. 39
On the second type of artillery pieces, which are the battery cannons, demi-cannons, and quarter-cannons, and on their formation and operations pertaining to them. Chap. 44. 39
On the bell-mouthed cannon, and for what reason this sort of cannon is formed. Chap. 45. 40
On the third difference of pieces of this second type of artillery, which are the common cannons. Chap. 46. 41
On two other ways of measuring the thickness of common cannons by the same circumference of the pieces. Chap. 47. 42
On the fourth difference of pieces of this second type of artillery, which are the chambered cannons, and on their formation. Chap. 48. 42
On the fifth difference of pieces of this second type, which are the reinforced cannons without a chamber. Chap. 49. 43
On the sixth and last difference of cannons of this second type, which are the double cannons. Chap. 50. 44
On the ladles that must serve for loading the pieces of this second type. Chap. 51. 44
On the form and shape that the wheels of the pieces of this second type must have, so that they are well-proportioned to their quality. Chap. 52. 44
On the length, width, and thickness of the axles of the carriages of these pieces of the second type. Chap. 53. 45
On the pieces of the third type, which are the stone-throwing cannons cannoni petrieri mortars or cannons designed to fire stone projectiles, and on their formation. Chap. 54. 45
On the manner of measuring the thickness of the cannons of this third type to know if they have their proper metal thicknesses. Chap. 55. 45
On the ladles that must serve for the use of these stone-throwing cannons, so that they are loaded with reason. Chap. 56. 47
On the mortars or catapults, and on their formation and effects. Chap. 57. 47
On a discussion regarding the common thicknesses of all artillery pieces in general. Chap. 58. 48
On the pieces that are commonly called bastards, and which are those to whom this name properly belongs. Chap. 59. 48
On the proportion that stone balls bear to

those of iron, and those of iron to those of lead. Chap. 60. 48
On the elevations of artillery pieces, and on the manner of knowing how to use the points and minutes of the quadrant. Chap. 61. 49
On a discourse made by the author concerning the previous discussion, against the opinion of a certain modern author. Chap. 62. 50
On the correct formation of the quadrant made to give the aforementioned elevations to the artillery. Chap. 63. 50
On the aiming or sighting of artillery pieces, and on the manner of dividing it, should the need arise to fire with it. Chap. 64. 51
On the manner of squaring a piece to be able to find the exact center point on it, when it should occur to the Bombardier to make a notable shot. Chap. 65. 52
On the manner of giving windage vento the gap between the projectile and the bore to the balls, and on the effect for which this operation is performed. Chap. 66. 53
On two other different and very beautiful ways of giving windage to the balls. Chap. 67. 54
On the manner of proving artillery pieces, and which is the best and safest proof that can be made of them. Chap. 68. 54
On the manner of loading and unloading all artillery pieces, and on many very important warnings that one must have regarding this matter. Chap. 69. 55
On the manner of loading the pieces with bags or cloth cartridges, so that one can load with great speed. Chap. 70. 56
On the manner of loading breech-loading pieces pezzi di braga early breech-loading artillery, which are loaded with breech-plugs or servers. Chap. 71. 57
On a particular and very important discussion made regarding firing with every sort of piece, and in many different and very beautiful ways. Chap. 72. 58
On the first way of firing, in which is taught how the practical Bombardier must conduct himself with the piece, so that he can make a shot longer than usual. Chap. 73. 58
On the second way of firing, which is firing within the sighting of the pieces. Chap. 74. 59
On the third way of firing, which is commonly called firing point-blank. Chap. 75. 59
On the fourth way of firing, which is when the Bombardier is commanded to fire at some particular mark. Chap. 76. 59
On the fifth way of firing, that is, firing at night at any house or tent where some great Lord or General might be lodging. Chap. 77. 59
On the sixth way of firing, which we said was firing at night at some candle or other light that is seen in some window or tent of the enemies. Chap. 78. 60
On the seventh way of firing, which is when it occurs to the Bombardier to fire at sea at any ship or galley, or at any man on horseback running through the countryside. Chap. 79. 60
On the eighth way of firing, which teaches in what manner and with what reason the Bombardier should conduct himself when he has occasion to fire from a high place to a low one. Chap. 80. 60
On the ninth way of firing, which is firing from a low place where the Bombardier might find himself to another more elevated one. Chap. 81. 61