Cosmography

PART ONE

Arithmetic computation or division of the Parallels, [showing] how much each of them is distant from the equator.

| Parallels | deg | min | || Parallels | deg | min | || Parallels | deg | min |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1st paral. has | 4 | 15 | || 8th has | 30 | 45 | || 15th | 48 | 40 |
| 2nd has | 8 | 30 | || 9th has | 33 | 40 | || 16th | 51 | 50 |
| 3rd has | 21 | 4 | || 10th has | 36 | 24 | || 17th | 54 | 30 |
| 4th has | 16 | 35 | || 11th has | 39 | 0 | || 18th | 56 | 30 |
| 5th has | 20 | 30 | || 12th | 41 | 20 | || 19th | 58 | 20 |
| 6th has | 24 | 15 | || 13th | 43 | 15 | || 20th | 61 | 10 |
| 7th has | 27 | 30 | || 14th | 45 | 24 | || 21st | 63 | 16 |

On Climates.

Chapter VI.

A decorative woodcut initial letter 'A' featuring floral motifs and two pomegranate-like fruits.

Among the ancients, those skilled in the stars divided the earth according to latitude into seven parts, which they called Climates. But we, on account of modern observation, divide it into nine parts or Climates. A Climate is a space of earth enclosed between two parallels, in which the reckoning of hours is perceptibly changed—that is, by half an hour. Because in moving away from the equator toward either pole, the days always become unequal. Therefore, whatever number a Climate may be from the equator, by that many half-hours does the longest day of that place exceed the day equal to the night. It must be noted, moreover, that Climates receive their names either from a city, a river, a region, an island, or a notable mountain. Thus the first is called Dia Meroës, from Dia, which is "through," and Meroë, a city of Africa, because its middle passes through Meroë. The second is Dia Syenes, because its middle passes through Syene, which is a city of Egypt situated under the Tropic of Cancer. The third is Dia Alexandrias. The fourth, Dia Rhodo. The fifth, Dia Rhomes. The sixth, Dia Pontou. The seventh, Dia Boristhenous. The eighth, Dia Rhipheon. The ninth, Dia Danias. The southern Climates have the same names, except by prefixing that Greek preposition Anti, which in Latin sounds like contra [against] or oppositum [opposite], as in Anti-Dia Meroës, Anti-Dia Syenes, etc.