A L H A Z E N

And this compression is opposite the foramen aperture/opening that is in the anterior part of the uvea the pigmented middle layer of the eye, including the iris and choroid, and its position is similar to it. This humor fluid/body is divided into two parts of different transparency, one of which follows its anterior, and the other follows its posterior. The transparency of its posterior part is likened to the transparency of glass that has been crushed; this part is called the humor vitreus vitreous humor. It contains two parts gathered by a very thin membrane, called the aranea arachnoid membrane, because it is likened to the web of a spider. In the posterior part of the concavity of the uvea sphere, it is said there is a round foramen, and it is above the extremity of the concavity of the nerve; the glacialis crystalline lens sphere is composed in this foramen. The roundness of this foramen (which is the extremity of the nerve) contains the center of the glacialis sphere, and the uvea is consolidated joined/fused with the glacialis in the circle containing this foramen. It is said that the origin of the uvea is from the interior membrane of the two membranes of the two optic nerves, and that the origin of the cornea the transparent front layer of the eye is from the exterior membrane of the two membranes of this nerve. A white, thin, clear, and transparent humor fills the concavity of the uvea; it is called albugineus aqueous humor, because it is likened to the white of an egg in its thinness, whiteness, and transparency. It fills the concavity of the uvea, touches the anterior of the glacialis, fills the foramen that is in the anterior of the uvea, and touches the concave part of the cornea. The glacialis sphere is composed upon the concavity of the nerve, and the humor vitreus follows the concavity of the nerve. Therefore, the cornea, the humor albugineus, the glacialis, and the vitreus will be consecutive to one another. All these membranes are transparent. The foramen that is in the anterior of the uvea is opposite the foramen of the concavity of the nerve. It is said that the spiritus visibilis visible spirit/visual faculty is emitted from the anterior part of the brain, fills the two concavities of the two primary nerves connected with the brain, arrives at the common nerve, fills its concavity, comes to the two second optic nerves, fills them, arrives at the glacialis, and gives it the visible power.

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Between the circumference of the glacialis connected with the uvea and the foramen that is in the concavity of the bone from which the nerve exits, there is some space. The nerve extends in this space from the end of the foramen up to the circumference of the glacialis according to a pyramidal shape and amplification. The more it is elongated from the foramen of the bone, the more it is amplified until it arrives at the circumference of the glacialis sphere and is consolidated with its circumference. The body of the consolidativa sclera contains this pyramidal part of the nerve and contains the uvea sphere, and the uvea sphere precedes the center of the consolidativa toward the manifest part of the eye. The body of the consolidativa is consolidated with the uvea sphere and with the pyramidal extremity, and it preserves its position. Therefore, when the eye is moved, it will be moved as a whole, and thus the nerve upon which the eye is composed will decline during its motion, and the declination will be at the foramen that is in the concavity of the bone, because the concavity of the bone contains the whole eye, and the eye is moved as a whole in this concavity. The consolidativa is consolidated with that which is in the anterior of the eye from the nerve and the remaining membranes, and it always preserves its position. Therefore, the declination of the nerve during the motion of the eye is only from the posterior of the whole eye; it is therefore at the foramen that is in the concavity of the whole bone. Similarly, when the eye is at rest and the nerve has declined, the declination will be only at the foramen that is in the concavity of the bone. For the position of the parts of the whole eye among themselves does not change, neither during motion nor at rest. Therefore, the declination of the nerve upon which the eye is composed is only at the foramen that is in the concavity of the bone, whether the eye moves or rests.

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The manifest surface of the cornea is a spherical surface and is continued with the surface of the whole eye and with the whole eye. The whole eye is a sphere larger than the uvea sphere, which is a part of it. The manifest surface of the cornea is with the surface of the whole eye and is larger than the surface of the uvea sphere; its radius is therefore larger than the radius of the uvea. And because the interior surface of the cornea superimposed on the foramen of the uvea is a concave spherical surface, equidistant to the manifest surface of the cornea itself (since the whole cornea is of equal thickness), the center of the concave surface of the cornea is the same as the center of its manifest convex surface. But the concave surface of the cornea cuts the surface of the uvea sphere upon the circumference of the foramen that is in the anterior part of the uvea. Its center is therefore remoter in depth than the center of the uvea, since this is among the properties of the centers of intersecting spheres. And also, because the uvea sphere is not in the middle of the consolidativa but precedes it toward the part of the manifest surface of the eye, and the manifest surface of the eye is a sphere larger than the uvea sphere, the center of the manifest surface of the eye will be remoter in depth than the center of the uvea.

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The straight line that connects the two centers, namely the center of the surface of the cornea and the center of the uvea, when it is drawn straight, arrives at the center of the foramen that is in the anterior of the uvea and to the two middles of the two surfaces of the cornea that are equidistant. For the concave surface of the cornea and the convex surface of the uvea are spherical surfaces intersecting one another, and the line that connects their centers passes through the center of the circle of intersection and is perpendicular to its surface. This is because the line that exits from the center of the circle of intersection and is perpendicular to its surface passes through the centers of the two spheres.