STEPHANUS ON THE BOOK "ON INTERPRETATION" [Aristotle page 16a33, 16b1, 16b6]

"...it will be either true or false."

Against this, Galen Claudius Galenus (129–c. 216 AD), the most famous physician of antiquity, who also wrote extensively on logic and philosophy. says that this is not a definition original: "horismos" in itself, but rather a descriptive statement. Therefore, Galen himself defines the "name" (noun) in this way: "a significant voice, by convention, of a simple thought." However, this definition fits not only the name but also the sentence original: "logos" and other parts of speech. Consequently, Aristotle is not to be blamed for the necessity of the matter when he explained the definition of the name through many words, among which is the discussion concerning the name.

page 16 a 33 But "of Philon" or "to Philon" and all other such instances are not names, but cases of a name. The philosophers call all derivations, formations, and co-formations "cases" original: "ptōseis"; literally "fallings," referring to how a word "falls" away from its primary nominative form.. They do not only mean the derivations that grammarians call "oblique cases" The genitive, dative, and accusative cases.; for the terms "the just," "justly," "most just," "more just," and all such things are considered "cases" among philosophers.

page 16 b 1 The definition of the case is the same as the name in other respects. This phrasing was taken by Aristotle from Attic The dialect of Athens. custom. For it was the habit among the Athenians, whenever someone introduced a decree that contained some of the same points as a first decree, to say in the second decree: "The other matters are the same, but I further propose that it is necessary to crown Demosthenes in the theater," if it happened that he was introducing a decree folio 43r on behalf of Demosthenes. They did this because they were required to speak by a measured and flowing water-clock The clepsydra, used to time speeches in Athenian courts and assemblies to ensure brevity.. Thus, Aristotle did the same here by saying: "The definition original: "logos" of the 'case' is the same as the name in other respects; but one must add that cases, when joined with 'was' or 'is' or 'will be,' are neither true nor false." These points cover the current lesson.

Lecture 4 (with God's help). Concerning the Verb.

page 16 b 6 A verb is that which additionally signifies time; no part of it signifies separately, and it is always a sign of things said of another.

The concept of the definition of the verb original: "rhēma" is very similar to the concept of the definition of the name. For the definition of the verb is as follows: "a significant voice by convention, additionally signifying time, of which no part is significant in isolation, introducing a determined nature." Aristotle himself, however, being a lover of brevity, passed over the common features—those which belonged to both the name and the verb—and added only that by which the name differs from the verb: that is, the "additional signaling of time." What then is...

Critical apparatus:
Line 2: I wrote "definition" [logos]; the manuscript P has "of a definition" [logou].
Line 8: Manuscript P has "to the [dative]" [tōi].
Line 11: I added "the" [tas].
Line 12: I deleted "and the [nominative] just."
Lines 14-15: "This was taken"; compare Ammonius, folio 38v.
Line 15: I wrote "by him" [autōi]; manuscript P has "of him" [autou].
Line 16: I added "of the" [tōn].
Line 17: "The same things"; perhaps "according to the same things."
Line 18: Manuscript P writes "theater" with a subscript iota.
Lines 18-19: I wrote "to introduce" [eisagagein]; manuscript P has "introduce!" [eisagage].
Line 31: I wrote "nature" [physin]; manuscript P has "voice" [phōnēn].
Line 32: Ammonius, folio 39r, uses "brevity" [syntomias]; manuscript P contains an inserted gloss "lover of brevity" [philosyntomos].
Line 33: I wrote "by which" [kath' ho]; manuscript P has "by which [plural]" [kath' ha].