Certaine Miscellany Works

must be in a straight line original: lineâ rectâ upon that place. For look into the law of international relations original: ius faciale; the ancient Roman law governing the declaration of war and foreign treaties and all historical examples, and it will be found without doubt that after an embassy to demand restitution original: Legation ad Res repetendas, a refusal, and a declaration or proclamation of a war, the war is no longer restricted to the specific location of the dispute. Instead, it is left open and to our choice (regarding specific strategic designs) as opportunities and advantages may invite.

To proceed, therefore, to the second reason for a war with Spain: We have established it to be a just fear of the overthrow of our civil state. So then, the war is not for the Palatinate alone, but for England, Scotland, Ireland, our King, our Prince, our nation, and all that we have.

In this matter, two things must be proven. The first is that a just fear (even without an actual invasion or attack) is a sufficient reason for a war and is, in its nature, a true defensive action. The second is that we have reason for a just fear regarding Spain. I say just fear; for as the civil lawyers Civilians: scholars and practitioners of Roman Civil Law, who often wrote on the laws of war and nations