Previously Unpublished Works of Roger Bacon, Fascicle 11: Questions on Aristotle's Metaphysics and On Plants (1932) - Page 16


It is asked whether there is one science concerning the principles of demonstration and substance original: "substantia." In Aristotelian philosophy, substance is the primary reality of a thing—what it is at its core—as opposed to its secondary qualities.	128
(It is asked whether it belongs to first philosophy itself to determine concerning substance)	128
It is asked whether the knowledge of all substance is one science	129
(It is asked whether this science ought to determine concerning every substance)	129
It is asked whether the knowledge of substance and accidents original: "accidentium." These are the non-essential qualities of a thing, such as its color, size, or location, which "happen" to a substance without changing what it fundamentally is. belongs to one science	130
It is asked whether there is one science of all accidents	131
(It is asked whether the science of accidents ought to be separated from the science of substance)	132
It is asked whether that science common to substances and accidents is first philosophy	132
(It is asked whether there is any demonstrative science common to all others)	133
It is asked ⟨whether⟩ the science of substance ought to be separated from the science of accidents	133
It is asked whether there is demonstration original: "demonstratio." This refers to a logical proof that leads to certain knowledge. of substances	134
It is asked whether there is demonstration of accidents; it is asked whether there is of all of them	135

It is asked whether there are only sensible substances	137
It is asked whether universals original: "universalia." These are general concepts or categories, like "Humanity" or "Greenness," that apply to many individual things. exist	137
It is asked whether universals are substances	137
It is asked whether the universal is pure form	139
It is asked whether universals are eternal	140
It is asked whether universals came into being from creation	141
It is asked whether they came from nature	142
It is asked whether the universal is any kind of nature	143
It is asked whether the universal has being in things or in the soul	144
It is asked whether it is more truly in things than in the soul	145
It is asked whether universals are separate or self-standing forms	145
It is asked whether universals are corporeal	147
It is asked whether universals are corruptible	148

1. accidents: The manuscript uses the singular "accident" (accidentis), but the editor has used the plural "accidents" (accidentium).
2. universals exist: The manuscript uses the singular "whether the universal exists" (universale sit), but the editor has used the plural "whether universals exist" (universalia sint).