Previously Unpublished Works, Fascicle 5

have been in his hands. I must confess that the arguments of Professor Foerster on this point do not convince me. On the other hand, there is no reason why Scot may not have had the Arabic text, or its sources, before him.¹

There can be no doubt that Philip was acquainted with the work of his predecessor at least, and that he incorporated it into his text. The paragraph "Since this body is corruptible" original: "Cum hoc corpus corruptibile sit" (p. 68) is not found in the Eastern text. It is the introduction to the twelfth "gate" In this context, a "gate" refers to a chapter or section of the book. of the Western text. Philip could only have taken this directly from the work of Hispalensis. Hispalensis refers to Johannes Hispalensis, also known as John of Seville, a prolific translator of Arabic scientific works into Latin during the 12th century. From this point to page 81, line 15, Philip incorporates the text of Hispalensis, adding his own translation of the large additions found in the Eastern text. He then found a long section in Hispalensis (from 81, line 19 to 83, line 15) which was not in the Eastern text at that place. He took this over into his book without noticing that it appeared later in his own text. Lines 88, 5 to 89, 10 are the same as 81, 19 to 30, and 94, 22 to 96, 2 are another form of 82, 1 to 83, 8. Lines 9 to 15 on page 83 are probably an addition to some manuscript of Hispalensis and are not in either text, though Philip incorporated them. Lines 16 to 20 seem to be a gloss, sometimes added at the end of the section "on eyes" original: "de oculis" on page 86. We may note that one or two

¹ There are in the introduction of Scot only these phrases which have a verbal agreement with the Secret The Secretum Secretorum..

p. 206. The search for this knowledge is found in the most beautiful part of nature. Its perfection is credited to the greatest teacher of natural science among the ancient experts of physical traits, Physio. original: "Hujus enim scientiae inquisitio est in pulcherrima natura, cujus perfectio attribuitur physionomo de numero antiquorum Physione summo doctori in scientia naturali (cf. 164²⁴)."

p. 207. Therefore, Emperor Frederick, I establish for you these shortened rules and laws of physical character from this science. I provide them to you in sufficient detail. If you apply yourself well to their guidance... original: "Constituo ergo, o Frederice Imperator, tibi ex hac scientia physionomiae regulas et constitutiones abbreviatas: quas tibi pono satis sufficienter. Jugo quarum si te bene adjeceris . . . (cf. 166²)"

In part i. chapter 1, in a long discourse on conception:

p. 212 Just as a spark sometimes leaves the steel and flint, so does a child sometimes come from the seed. The womb is to the embryo like a pot used to cook a meal. original: "Et sicut de calibe et silice exit quandoque scintilla, ita de spermate exit quandoque conceptio, et matrix est embrioni sicut olla ad coquendum epulum (cf. 166⁶)."

Part ii, chapter 24, after quoting Hippocrates, Galen, and Rhasis:

p. 264. Before we reach the full meaning of our speech, we say as a priority that one must be very careful at all times. Avoid meeting or keeping company with an unlucky man, who is a work of a higher nature. This includes a man missing a limb, such as an eye or a hand. original: "Sed antequam veniamus ad totam intentionem nostri sermonis ex praerogativa dicimus quod valde cavendum est in omni tempore ab obviatione et societate hominis infortunati, opus naturae superioris, ut ab homine cui diminutum sit aliquod membrum, ut oculus, manus, etc. (cf. 167⁸)."

Chapter 65, in the course of a chapter of over sixty lines:

p. 299. A person with a flat nose is impulsive, vain, and a liar. He is lustful, weak, and unstable. He believes others quickly and changes sides easily. A person whose nose is wide in the middle and slants at the tip is a frequent liar. He is vain, lustful, boastful, and has a cruel fate. original: "Cujus nasus fuerit simus significat hominem impetuosum, vanum mendacem, luxuriosum, debilem, instabilem, cito alteri credentem et convertibilem ad utrumque. Cujus nasus fuerit in medio latus et declinet ad summitatem sui, significat hominem facile mendacem, vanum, luxuriosum, vertosum, & crudelis fortunae (cf. 168²⁵, 168²⁸)."

These extracts, of which only the first three show verbal coincidences, do not seem sufficient to warrant the assumption of anything more than a knowledge by Scot of the treatise on physical traits The study of physiognomy. in either Arabic or Latin. The history of this section of the work is still so obscure that it is quite possible that it was translated as a separate work. It may have been incorporated by Philip in the same way as the translation by Johannes Hispalensis.