This library is built in the open.
If you spot an error, have a suggestion, or just want to say hello — we’d love to hear from you.

Are gods, then, separated from spirits by the distinction of having bodies or being bodiless? If only the gods are incorporeal, how can the Sun, the Moon, and the visible luminaries in the sky be accounted as gods?
How is it that some of them are givers of good, while others bring evil?
What is the bond of union that connects the divinities in the sky who possess bodies with the gods who are bodiless?
Since the visible gods (in the sky) are included in the same category as the invisible ones, what distinguishes the spirits from the visible and invisible gods?
In what does a spirit differ from a hero, a half-god, or a soul? Porphyry classifies spiritual beings into four orders: gods, spirits (guardians), heroes (half-gods), and souls. Abammon the Teacher adds archangels, angels, and archons of both higher and lower nature. Is it in essence, in power, or in energy? By "essence," we mean the underlying principle of being; by "power," the intermediate agency; and by "energy," the operative faculty that produces actual results.