RECORDS OF CIVILIZATION: SOURCES AND STUDIES

Edited under the Auspices of the Department of History

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Columbia University

GENERAL EDITOR

W. T. H. Jackson, Professor of German and History

PAST EDITORS

1915-1926

James T. Shotwell, Bryce Professor Emeritus of the History of International Relations

1926-1953

Austin P. Evans, Professor of History

1953-1962

Jacques Barzun, Seth Low Professor of History

EDITOR: EUROPEAN RECORDS

W. T. H. Jackson, Professor of German and History

CONSULTING EDITORS: EUROPEAN RECORDS

Gerson D. Cohen, Associate Professor of History

Gilbert Highet, Anthon Professor of Latin Language and Literature

Gerhart B. Ladner, Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles

Paul O. Kristeller, Professor of Philosophy

John H. Mundy, Professor of History on the Mathews Foundation

Jacob W. Smit, Queen Wilhelmina Lecturer and Associate Professor of Germanic Languages

EDITOR: ORIENTAL RECORDS

Wm. Theodore de Bary, Horace Walpole Carpentier Professor of Oriental Studies

CONSULTING EDITORS: ORIENTAL RECORDS

Ainslie T. Embree, Associate Professor of Indian History

Chih-tsing Hsia, Associate Professor of Chinese

Donald Keene, Professor of Japanese

Ivan Morris, Professor of Japanese

Burton Watson, Associate Professor of Chinese

C. Martin Wilbur, Professor of Chinese History

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SPECIAL EDITOR FOR THIS VOLUME

Thomas A. Suits, Associate Professor of Classics, University of Connecticut