Castigationes Plinianae et in Pomponium Melam

"Mountains of Gebenna and cities." It should be read: "Gebenna and Iura," or as Solinus and Martianus [write]: "Gebena and Iura." Pliny, in the fourth book, says: "Between the mountains Gebenna and Iura." Caesar also [calls it] "Iura," Strabo [calls it] "Ioura," Ptolemy [calls it] "Iurassum." Those who translated "Eurassum" instead of "Iurassum" in Strabo were mistaken, for he sometimes calls it by that name. From the same fourth [chapter].

"Rivers Technum, Nodubrum." From ancient authorities and codices, it is easily recognized that in this place "Telin" or "Tichim" and "Obrinanes" are referred to. Pomponius says: "Then the coast of the Sardones, the rivers Telis and Tichis, where they have grown..." The same one says: "According to the letters, the Obris flows." Ptolemy [writes] "Orobium," but Strabo [says] "Obris" is neighboring to them and runs past Ruscino, from which the town gets its name. From the same fourth [chapter].

"Towns, Illisebre." I read "Illiberis" from Ptolemy and Mela Pomponius, from the river of the same name, as Strabo suggests. And below: "Rubrense lake." Pomponius [writes] "Rubresum." And below: "Truentiam." Strabo, Ptolemy, and ancient copies [write] "Druentia." And below: "Auaricorum." Ancient codices and Pomponius [write] "Auaticorum." And below: "Promontory called Citharista." From Ptolemy and Pomponius: "Promontory of the name Citharista," likewise in Antoninus, who makes it 30 miles by ship from there to Massilia. From the same fourth [chapter].

"River or Argenteus." It should be read from ancient codices: "A river in that place, the Argenteus." In Ptolemy also, the name of the river on the mouth of this shore is "Argentius." From the same fourth [chapter].

Cemenos Gebennam "Varus from the mountain of the Alps, Cemenos." It seems to some that from ancient codices it should be read "Cema," because the Greeks call those mountains "Cemenos," which are far removed from the Alps by the testimony of Caesar, Pliny, and Mela. Moreover, situated in these very Alps is a town of Liguria which has the name "Cemellio," by the authority of Pliny. But since it is established that it is named "Cemeneleon" by Ptolemy and Antoninus, it may seem to be called so from Mount Cemeno, though not the one that is Gebenna, but another of the same name from which the Varus flows down. Antoninus reports that Cemeneleon is seven miles distant from the river Varus. From the same fourth [chapter].

Place of Ptolemy "Betterrae Septumanorum." Strabo indeed and Pomponius [say] "Blitere" in two places, [then] "Septumanorum," he says. Item: "According to the letters, the Obris flows." In Ptolemy, it is read corruptedly as "Chaeterrae"; Antoninus, however, and Stephanus [write] "Baeterae." And below: "Salubiorum." Perhaps [it should be] "Salyorum" from Strabo, who calls them sometimes "Salyes," sometimes "Salyos." Ptolemy and Stephanus also [mention] the "Salyes," who waged war with the Romans. From the same fourth [chapter].

Carpenco racte "Vulgarum." I write "Volcarum" from Ptolemy, Strabo, Pliny, Mela, Pomponius, and Lucan. The same error [is found] in the first book of the third decade of Livy, "Volgarum" instead of "Volcarum." But what about a little later: "Carbatorathe"? It is written and still exists today, but it is named "Carpentoracte," and by the barbarians in the vernacular language of the Gauls, "Carpentras." From the same fourth [chapter].

"Abatilia area." And a little later: "Bellio." It should be written "Anatilia," from which [comes] "Anatilici" in Ptolemy and Pliny. Also "Aerea," not "area," said from the situation of the place, according to Strabo. Also "Cabellio," not "Bellio," from Artemidorus, Strabo, Ptolemy, and Antoninus. From the same fourth [chapter].

"Glarum." And below: "Vasgo." Ptolemy and ancient codices [write] "Glanum" and "Vasio." Likewise, Antoninus [writes] "Glanatenses" and "Vasionenses." From the same fourth [chapter].

"Atafcodinitarri conontenses." The ancient reading is "Tafcodunitani" from the town of "Tafcodunum"; otherwise this word must start with the letter T, for the same error [occurs] in the following: "Tarafcondunum," or what is the same, "Tarasconem," which Ptolemy also names. From the same fourth [chapter].

"Aremicorum Nemausum." Ptolemy, Pomponius, and ancient codices [write] "Arecomicorum." Strabo also [writes] "Arecomicon metropolis Nemausum." From the same fourth [chapter].

Aguntici "Aganticos." Ptolemy and Antoninus [write] "Auanticos" from the town "Auaticus" of the Helvetii, or as Marcellinus [says], on the Graian or Pennine ridges. There are also "Aguntici" from the city of "Agunto," but far removed from them, indeed since Pliny, Ptolemy, and Antoninus also place it near Pannonia. And below: "Town Dina." Ptolemy and ancient codices [write] "Dinia." Likewise "Dinienses" in Antoninus. And below: "Bodiutios." Why it might be thought to be written "Ebrodiuntios" or "Ebrodunenses," we will say in chapter 19. From the same fourth [chapter].

"Length 470 miles." Martianus [says] 370 miles. Item: "Width 268." Martianus and ancient codices [say] 368. However, if anyone calculates from the precepts of Ptolemy, the length 370 will be nearer to the truth than 470, since that province holds Ptolemy's length in about ten parts of the zodiac, and indeed 500 stadia more or less correspond to single parts, according to the same Martianus, who professes to follow Ptolemy. From the fifth chapter.

Amphycyrtos "From the middle of the course, it is called Cuntos." It seems to some that "Cyrtos" should be read, that is, curved in the manner of the moon, for it follows by emitting two horns through curved gulfs; for the moon is also called "amphycyrtos" when it is half-encompassed in the triquetrous circle of the sun. But I read "Cocinthum" by the authority of Pliny, who says that some believe Cocinthum to be the longest promontory of Italy. Likewise, Polybius in the second volume reports that a promontory of Italy is called "Cocinthum" by the natives, which, facing the southern region, divides the Ionian and Sicilian seas. And below: "With the horses moving along the course." It should be written "aeq" as it is said in Greek "euthyporia," that is, not through the detours of paths, which are often necessary due to the obstruction of mountains and the intervention of valleys or the bending of rivers, but in a straight line.