EMANUEL

CHRYSOLORAS'S GRAMMATICAL

QUESTIONS.

Decorative woodcut initial 'I' within a square border featuring foliate scrollwork.

Into how many parts are twenty-four letters divided, which are also called elements? Into two: into vowels and into consonants.

How many vowels? Seven: alpha, epsilon, eta, iota, upsilon (thin), omicron (small), and omega (large). Into how many are the seven vowels divided? Into long, into short, and into two-time. How many are long? Two: eta and omega (large). How many short? Two: epsilon (thin) and omicron (small). How many two-time? Three: alpha, iota, upsilon. How many diphthongs properly called? Six: ai, au, ei, eu, oi, ou. There are also five other diphthongs, called improperly: ai, ei, eu, ui, oi. How many are consonants? 17: beta, gamma, delta, zeta, theta, kappa, lambda, mu, nu, xi, pi, rho, sigma, tau, phi, chi, psi. Into how many are the seventeen consonants divided? Into two: into semi-vowels and mutes. How many semi-vowels? Eight: zeta, xi, psi, lambda, mu, nu, rho, sigma. Into how many are the eight semi-vowels divided? Into three: into double, into immutable, and into sigma. How many double? Three: zeta, xi, psi. How many immutable? Four, which are also called liquid: lambda, mu, nu, rho. How many mutes? Nine: beta, gamma, delta, kappa, pi, tau, theta, phi, chi. Into how many are the nine mutes divided? Into three: into thin, into dense, and into middle. How many thin? Three: kappa, pi, tau. How many dense?