GRAMMAR.

Note that the seats of the acute are three: the final, the penult, and the antepenult. The place of the grave is the final; of the circumflex, the final and the penult.

Furthermore, note that a word having an acute or grave on the final is called acutitone; having an acute on the penult, penacutum, and gravitone; having one on the antepenult, antepenacutum and gravitone.

In addition to these, having a circumflex on the final, a circumflex; on the penult, gravitone and circumflex.

Note that when there is a long vowel at the end, the word cannot be accented on the antepenult. If the tone is before two syllables, the circumflex is not placed, but the acute always is. The circumflex is not placed over a long position, but the acute always is. A long vowel before a long vowel is not circumflexed, but always has an acute. Every naturally long vowel, before a short final vowel in one part of speech, and having the tone on itself, is circumflexed.

How many durations are there? Two, long and short.

How many breathings? Two, densus rough and tenuis smooth. What is the seat of the breathings? All initial vowels of words only, and of the consonants only the ρ rho, found at the beginning of words. How many affections are there? Three, aversio apostrophe, subunio hyphen, and distinctio comma/punctuation.