Mathematical Mirror

are not so called because they are sensed by the common sense, but because they are determined commonly by all the particular senses or by many of them, and most especially by vision and touch. For Ptolemy says in Book 2 of Perspective that touch and vision communicate in all these twenty Note: The author here refers back to the list of "twenty other sensible things" mentioned on the previous page. And these twenty-nine, along with those which are reduced to them, are sensed by the particular senses, the common sense, and the imagination, and these virtues of the soul cannot judge regarding other sensible things by themselves except accidentally.

CHAPTER IV.

THERE ARE, however, other sensible things per se in themselves. For brute animals use only the senses, because they do not possess intellect. If a sheep has never seen a wolf, it flees from it immediately, and every animal fears the roar of a lion, even if it has never heard or seen one before; and so it is with many things that are harmful and contrary to the complexion of animals. And it is the same way regarding useful and convenient things. For if a lamb has never seen a lamb, it runs toward it and gladly stays with it, and so it is with others. Therefore, brutes sense something in convenient and harmful things. Therefore, there is something there that is sensible besides the twenty-nine aforementioned and besides those things which are reduced to them. For it must be that there is something more active and alterative to the sensing body than light and color, because it induces not only comprehension but an affection of fear, love, flight, or remaining. And this is the quality of the complexion of any given thing, by which it is assimilated to others in a special or general nature, through which they are agreeable to one another, are strengthened and invigorated, or through which they differ and are contrary, and become mutually harmful to each other. Whence, not only do light and color create their species and virtues, but by far