Ancient Latin Agricultural Writers, Vol. IV

the same happens. Indeed, he [Varro] in 18, 33 and 76 & 77, where he teaches how to construct a certain sun-dial original: "speculam quandam... sive anemothericum" for observing winds, counts only eight quarters, adding to the decuman limit i.e., a line stretched from the equinoctial east to the same west on both sides, from the winter to the summer rising or setting; which decuman line is then cut at right angles by the cardo i.e., the line running from north to south. And in 2, 47, where he enumerates twelve winds, he makes mention of the winter, summer, and also equinoctial east and west; but he speaks differently regarding the south and north. Vitruvius also, in 6, 7, where he discusses to which regions of the sky the types of buildings ought to face, ignores the equinoctial south: likewise in 1, 6, where he intentionally describes the homelands and paths of the winds. Furthermore, Apuleius states clearly in On the World, p. 62, citing Favorinus: "The four quarters of the world possess an unequal number of winds; because the rising and setting change for the third time with the sun's approach, [while] the South and North are marked by the same regions [always]." We accept, indeed, the equinoctial, solstitial, and winter risings, etc. What then? Shall we simply strike these out in three places (I pass over the fact that he also mentions the winter and brumal south in 8, 8 and 9, 5)? Or shall we accuse Columella himself of ignorance in a matter that is not obscure? Neither is necessary. Evidently, by a certain analogy and proportion, he calls the axis itself the "equinoctial south," which never declines toward the east nor toward the west: just as the equinoctial east is the decuman limit itself, not inclined at all toward the north or toward the south.

Equinox time when day and night are equal, the first one, Col. 9, 14. The day of the autumnal equinox, Col. 2, 8. When equinoxes occur, Col. 9, 14.

To equal to match. As juice matches the food of fruits, i.e., suffices for nourishment, Pall. 3, 25.

To level to make even. To level manure, Col. 2, 22. In this place it is the same as what he said above in ch. 16, "to scatter" German: "Miſt breiten". Schöttg. The tree equaled the vow of happiness, Pall. 8, 3.

Surface of the sea, Col. 8, 17. The Ennaean surface, Col. 10, 270. Surfaces of sweet earth, Col. 10, 87.

Of the sea marine father, Col. 10, 200. Oceanus, whose wife is Thetys.

Equal fair/level. In an equal manner, Pall. 1, 6.

To render the ladders equal, Cat. 144. i.e., equally good.

Air. Do the changes of the air correspond to fixed days? Col. 11, 1. How healthfulness is tested, Pall. 1, 3.

Bronze needle is recommended, Veg. 3, 4. see Copper.

Verdigris of bronze, Col. 7, 5; Veg. 2, 22 & 4, 16.