The Fragments of the Histories

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nevertheless, it is evident even from what Otto has set forth that in certain individual matters it must be corrected. But we shall discuss the individual parts of the individual lives below. Zonaras X p. 474 sqq. took everything he offers about these years from Plutarch's Life of Pompey; since that life is preserved, let us not concern ourselves further with Zonaras.

Orosius, the summaries, and Eutropius, and furthermore Cassiodorus and Augustine, provide the Livian record. That they did not consult Livy himself, but used a certain epitome excerpted from Livy by the use of other authors, after others had already conjectured this 1) As Thouret in Annals of Philology suppl. XI p. 179., Zangemeister 2) "Festschrift for the 36th (Karlsruhe) Philological Congress" (1882) p. 89 sqq. has accurately proven; I would add only this, that Ammianus Marcellinus, Servius, and the authors of the commentaries and scholia on Lucan also drew almost everything they narrate about the times of the free republic from that Livian epitome. Jacobi 3) "On the sources of the Breviarium of Festus" (diss. Bonn 1874). taught that S. Rufus (or Rufius) Festus excerpted (or rather, from an epitome) not from Eutropius, but from Livy in chapters 3–14 of his Breviarium Summary, where he relates the wars fought in the Roman provinces. While he clearly denied that Florus was used by Festus, Spengel 4) "Transactions of the Bavarian Academy" 1860 p. 348. and Eussner 5) Philol. XXXVII p. 154. rightfully showed that many traces of Florus appear in him. Wherefore, it now seems certain to me that both the Livian epitome and Florus were sources for Festus regarding historical events.

U. Köhler 6) "On the manner in which Latin and Greek historians used the annals of T. Livy" (diss. Göttingen 1860) p. 23 sqq. and Heyn 7) "On Florus the Historian" (diss. Bonn 1866) p. 36 sqq. explained that Florus drew primarily from Livy, but sometimes looked to other writers and contaminated note: "contaminated" in classical philology implies the blending of multiple sources. his work with Livy, with whom I indeed agree. Among these writers were certainly Caesar's Gallic War 8) Heyn p. 52., Sallust's three works 9) Jacobi, p. 35 note, denies that the Jugurthine War was used., and Lucan's Pharsalia 10) Eussner in Philol. XXXVII p. 137; Westerburg in Mus. Rhen. XXXVII p. 35; but cf. Judeich p. 11.. O. Rossbach, however 11) "Breslau Philological Transactions" II (1888) p. 164., very recently...