The Fragments of the Histories

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regarding the times of the free republic, most think that Velleius used Livy, Trogus Pompeius, and Atticus, and besides these, read Cicero and Sallust. 1) Pernices, "On the historical faith of Velleius Paterculus" (1862) p. 11; U. Köhler p. 11, and others. De Oppen, "On Velleius Paterculus" (diss. Rostock 1875), absurdly rejects Atticus. Kaiser 2) "On the sources of Velleius Paterculus" (diss. Berlin 1884)., on the other hand, denied altogether that Livy and Trogus were authors for Velleius and most sagaciously concluded from chronological matters that up to book II, chapter 48, he followed Atticus as his guide, who counted according to what is called the Varronian era, but from II 49 onwards, Velleius used the Catonian era. In my own judgment, Atticus's annals were certainly of use to Velleius in genealogies, chronology, and perhaps other matters, but U. Köhler and Klebs 3) Köhler p. 11; Klebs p. 5. seem to me to have sufficiently shown that he also drew a great deal from Livy in narrating individual events.

The two collectors of examples, Valerius Maximus and Frontinus, handed down to memory not a few things from the space of time with which we are dealing. Valerius Maximus 4) Kempf in the preface to his edition (1854) p. 17 sqq.; U. Köhler loc. cit.; Elschner, "Valerian questions" (diss. 1864) p. 32; Zschech, "On Cicero and Livy as sources for Valerius Maximus" (diss. Berlin 1865); Krieger's dissertation, "Which sources Valerius Maximus used" (1888) was not available to me. had Cicero and Livy as his primary sources; besides these, he used Sallust, Trogus, and perhaps also Varro, Caesar, and Cornelius Nepos. It seems that Valerius did not read the remaining writers himself, but became acquainted with them from collections similar to his own (such as those of Pomponius Rufus). 5) Dirksen in "Transactions of the Berlin Academy" 1845 III p. 124. Kempf, Elschner loc. cit. It has not yet been sufficiently investigated which authors Frontinus had for his individual examples; but it is agreed that Livy, Trogus, and Sallust held the primary place among them, and that besides these, Frontinus also turned collections of examples to his own use. 6) Wölfflin in Hermes IX p. 82; Bludau, "On the sources of Frontinus" (diss. 1883); Gundermann in Annals of Philology suppl. XVI (1888) p. 318; Fritze, "On the fourth book of Julius Frontinus's Strategemata" (diss. Halle 1888). Bludau indeed [attributes] almost everything regarding these...