The Fragments of the Histories

considers that the examples should be referred to Sallust, the slightness of which will be taught below. Wölfflin rightly argued that the author of the fourth book of Frontinus consulted very few writers and did not even read Sallust. It is often not difficult to distinguish the sources of Pliny, provided they are named by the writer himself in his indices; for Brunn 1) "On Pliny's indices of authors" (progr. Bonn. 1856). demonstrated most brilliantly that Pliny listed authors in his indices in the same order he used them in composing his books. We will use this rule later when we discuss individual examples; however, no index of any book exhibits the name of Sallust. It is clear that Asconius, in his commentaries on Cicero's orations, relied on the best sources, such as Cicero's own orations and letters, Livy, Sallust, Fenestella, Atticus, and the official records; yet Wilmans 2) "On the sources and authority of Dio Cassius" (diss. Berlin 1835) p. 13. rightly surmised, and Lichtenfeldt 3) "Breslau Philological Treatises" II (1888). well demonstrated, that concerning this age, Asconius generally returns to Sallust. The Bobbio scholiast, who seems to have lived not long after him, presents almost the same scholarship as Asconius. 4) Cf. Gaumitz, "On the Bobbio Ciceronian Scholiast" (progr. Dresden 1884). But the authors of the so-called Pseudo-Asconius and Gronovian scholia used such commentaries; they certainly owe their passages of Sallust or other frequently cited writers to these same sources.

That the booklet of Exuperantius on the civil wars was clearly drawn from Sallust and pieced together by some very unlearned man from fragments of Sallustian prose, which some had suspected long ago, was most clearly proven by C. Bursian. 5) In his edition (progr. Zurich 1868). Finally, the sources of Diodorus, Cassius Dio, Memnon, and Granius Licinianus will be discussed below.

But so much for this: now that we have explained generally and universally what should be thought about the sources of writers, we must discuss the individual parts of each author and their sources, so that we may discover which passages of later writers were drawn from Sallust's histories; in these questions, I will follow this order: first, I will treat the greater wars that occurred at that time, the sedition of Lepidus, the Sertorian war,