The Fragments of the Histories

in the same index, follows from Plutarch’s own words.

Of the greatest importance to everyone is the narrative of Appian concerning these matters, b. c. I 105—107 Civil Wars, Book I, 105-107. I have already explained that he clearly disagrees with Plutarch concerning the death of Sulla and the manner of his burial, and that he most likely reverts to Posidonius or Strabo. Now, however, in order to prove what I contended above, that from chapter 107 Sallust was the primary source of Appian, several fragments of Sallust and passages from Licinianus and Exuperantius must be noted, with which Appian's chapter 107 agrees more accurately. Just as fr. I 42: "and calling him a tyrant and Cinna in a very loud voice," Appian excerpted: "they were carried away with blasphemous words against each other"; then I would like you to compare Exup. p. 3, 25: "he seemed dear to the plebs also by many gifts publicly and privately bestowed" and App.: "and the urban [crowd] was divided toward them"; cf. Gran. p. 44 A: "He promised to restore those into whose fields he had led soldiers" and Exup. p. 3, 24: "by promising, if they should conquer, that he would restore the fatherland's property" with App.: "pretending to be Italian, he said that he would return the land to them which Sulla had taken away"; Gran. p. 44 B: "He yielded to the senate with the greatest execrations never to move arms again" with App.: "he made them swear not to be separated by war"; Sall. fr. I 91: "Prudent of all things which the senate had decreed" with App.: "and not even he himself being ignorant of the things for which he was called"; finally Exup. p. 4, 5: "And while he was preparing many things, he was oppressed by a grave disease and died" with App.: "there he died using a wasting disease." — Concerning the remaining chapters of Appian, it must be discussed later when we speak about the Sertorian war and the tumult of the fugitives.

Florus II 11 (Halm) shows, as I have already said, a memory primarily Livian. However, he excerpted Livy quite lightly, since he completely omitted almost the entire space of the year from the autumn of 78 up to the summer of 77. Let us not attribute to the source, but rather to this same negligence of Florus, that he makes Pompey present in Rome while Lepidus was attacking the city again, who in truth fought against Brutus at Mutina. Furthermore, he also seems to have taken some choice bits from Sallust, such as: "thence he was moving arms and an army toward the city," cf. Sall. or. Phil. § 10; then: "Lepidus was preparing to rescind the acts of so great a man," cf. Exup. p. 3, 20: "His acts."