LIBER XI.

so that it may collide words, from which we also say garrire to chatter/prattle.

59. Rumen throat/gullet, the part nearest to the esophagus, through which food and drink are swallowed. Hence beasts that recall their food and chew it again are said to ruminare ruminate. Sublinguium sublingual area, the cover of the esophagus, like a small tongue, which shuts or opens the orifice of the tongue.

60. Collum neck is so named because it is rigid and round like a column, bearing and supporting the head like a capitolium capitol/main seat. Its front part is called the gula throat/gullet, and the back part the ceruix nape of the neck.

61. Ceruix is so named because through that part the brain is directed to the marrow of the spine, as if it were the cerebri via way of the brain. The ancients used ceruices napes only in the plural number; Hortensius was the first to use ceruicem in the singular. The singular ceruix denotes the limb itself (for in the plural it often demonstrates stubbornness). Cicero in the Verrines: "Accuse the praetor, break your neck original: "frange ceruicem"."

62. Humeri shoulders are so named as if they were armi arms/shoulders of a beast, to distinguish man from mute cattle, so that the former are said to have humeri and the latter armi; for armi properly belong to quadrupeds. The ola socket/hollow is the upper back part of the shoulder.

63. Brachia arms are named from strength, for βαρὺ barys in Greek signifies heavy and strong. For in the arms are the swellings of the muscles, and there exists a remarkable strength of the sinews. These are the swellings, that is, the muscles, and they are called tori swellings/bulges because the fibers seem twisted there.

64. Cubitus elbow/forearm is so named because we lean cubamus upon it while taking food.

59. Rumen. From Festus. GRIAL.
Ib. Sublinguium. Gloss. Under the tongue ὑπόγλωσσον hypoglossum. GRIAL.
Ib. Regarding the rumen, and rumination again, book 12, chapter 1. AREVAL.
60. Rigid and round. The words of Lactantius. GRIAL.
Ib. Like a capitol, that is, a small head, or (as Isidore speaks) a small capital. For the head is to the neck what the capital is to the column. GRIAL.
61. Hortensius was the first. From Quintilian, book 8, chapter 3, although Varro also relates the same, books 7 and 9, which Cicero alluded to in Act 5 of the Verrines: "Do we think your patron will toss his little neck in this crime?" GRIAL.
Ibid. For in the plural it denotes stubbornness. This was done only by punctuation, so that Isidore would not contradict himself in this passage. GRIAL.

Ibid. Before Hortensius, Pacuvius and Ennius had used ceruicem in the singular. Distinction, which Isidore brings from Servius on book 2 of the Aeneid (v. 507), that ceruicem in the singular number signifies the neck, or the limb itself, but in the plural it signifies pride, is not pleasing to others. Many deny that Cicero ever used ceruicem in the singular. AREVAL.
62. Ola. Alternatively: aula. GRIAL.
63. For in the arms are the swellings. From Lactantius. Ambrose also: "The arms follow, and the powerful swellings of the muscles." GRIAL.
Ib. And called tori. Since Servius writes that torus cushion/swelling is named from twisted herbs, Isidore intended the swellings of the arms to be named from twisted fibers. GRIAL.
64. Cubitus. Horace: "Let the guest languidly recline upon his elbow." GR.
Ib. Ulna. From Servius on Georgics 3. GRIAL.