PROLEGOMENA.

made from it, and that he who made it used a map either the same as Honorius (so Muellenhoff IX 183 now prefers to think) or certainly one very similar to it (thus the same person preferred in Weltkarte World Map, p. 10) — cf. e.g., the Germans enumerated in the eastern part in A, but more of them in the same place in B, p. 32 — and that he did this with the intention that the memory of the sphere or the painted map, which had been, as it were, the mother of the book, might be obliterated (a thing which he only neglected to do on p. 38, 4) and that the book, separated from that map, might come into the hands of more people. This hope did not deceive him. Especially in the case of rivers, he added much from a good and intact but to us unknown source, among which some are Jewish or Christian (Phison Pishon, one of the four rivers of Eden p. 38, 11; Geon Gihon, another river of Eden 48, 10; castra Moyseia camps of Moses 50, 10; horrea Ioseph storehouses of Joseph 51, 3; Sodoma et Gomorra Sodom and Gomorrah, Bethulia Bethulia, Sinai Sinai 53, 7 sqq.). Most memorable of all (but again I say, not proceeding from Honorius himself) is that addition concerning the four measurers, about which, in addition to what I exposed on p. XI, I shall now add these things. Most accurately, as I said, the computation of times is instituted by years, months, and days, which those four measurers spent on their work; however, the consulships that were added do not fit those times. For from the consulship of Caesar and Antonius up to the fourth consulship of Augustus, not 21 years but 14 are counted, to his seventh consulship not 26 but 17, to the tenth consulship of Augustus not 29 but 20, and finally to the consulship of Saturninus not 32 but only 25 years. You see that the numbers were placed everywhere seven or nine years greater than they should have been. That difficulty is not removed by a change of numbers such as Ritschelius instituted, which is quite bold and yet does not lead to a just end. I hope and trust that if this unique man were not yet taken from literature, he would embrace this our reasoning, as being much simpler. For in the years of the consuls whose names are present, I think the individual measurers completed the very cognition of boundaries and law instituted in the provinces themselves and brought the remaining matters to be done in the provinces to an end, then they set out for Rome and were occupied there for seven or nine years in editing what they had recorded and in completing the indices to be deposited in the acts of the empire, until finally, after as many years and days as are counted most accurately from the decree made in the consulship of Caesar, namely so that the wages to be received by the measurers (which we call 'daily allowances' diaetas) might be computed according to that standard of time, the report of the completed work was made in the senate or before the emperor. I will bring an example: Nicodemus was engaged in the east from the year 710/44 until the year 724/30 and indeed perhaps occasionally delayed by civil unrest, then until the year 731/23 he arranged at Rome what had been noted. This, the one who