On Medicine

aestatem terra, hieme durum cubile summer on the ground, in winter a hard bed. — Those inept words: lectus ... hieme, although Targa held them to be suspect, he nonetheless received them into the text; lectus, terra et hieme were added by a recent hand in codices Vat. VIII and Med. I. In codex 7028 (where this clause is found twice, folio 14 and 146) one reads ... vel longus per aestatem. Durum cubile or long through the summer. A hard bed. From which it appears the gloss per aestatem pertains to the word somnus, and that is confirmed by codices Vat. VIII and Med. I. — With Hippocrates, from whom this passage is clearly taken, it reads only: σκληροκοιτέειν to sleep on a hard bed. Finally, the context demonstrates that Celsus had no intention here of making a distinction between summer and winter. 18, 21 perfrigidi very cold, all codices which Targa inspected. I, however, moved by the authority of codex Paris. 7028 where praefrigidi excessively cold is found, and Celsus himself who uses the word praefrigidus twice (p. 72, 4; 136, 26), have received praefrigidi in place of perfrigidi. Hippocrates (cited in the text in this place) presents μὴ σφόδρα ψυχρόν not very cold. 22, 6 ad cutem tonderi [utileque lunam vitare, maximeque ante ipsum lunae solisque occasum] sed numquam post cibum to be shaved to the skin [and it is useful to avoid the moon, especially before the actual setting of the moon and sun] but never after food, Targa. — The words enclosed in brackets, filled with the ravings of astrology, were ineptly written in the margin by some pedant, and even more ineptly received into the text by the scribes; and since this inserted clause seemed to disturb the sequence of words in a strange way, a quite ancient hand in codex Med. I added the word progredi to proceed after post cibum! 23, 26 omnia denique deinde fugere quae tarde concoquuntur finally then to avoid everything which is digested slowly. Thus it reads in all books, both manuscript and printed; Lindenius rightly reads denique for deinde and sumere to take for fugere. Targa affirms that this clause was added by some pedant; I, however, do not think so if I look at chapter 28 of book II, page 70, 24—25, where nearly the same method of speaking occurs. *24, 1—2 uva ex olla vel ex defruto grape from a jar or from must boiled down. Thus codices Med. I (which has ollea in the first writing, but in the second, yet ancient, olea), Vat. VIII. "I believe Celsus wrote uva ex olla, vel olea ex defruto grape from a jar, or olives from must; for Celsus counts grapes from a jar and olives preserved in paste or boiled-down must among things suitable for the stomach (II, 24); but he never mentions grapes from boiled-down must anywhere [which does not move me if I look at Columella l. in textu l. specto]; and Pliny (XXIII, 1, 7) and Dioscorides (V, 3) record them to be useless for the stomach," Targa. — Indeed, at Dioscorides it reads: Αἱ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἑψήματος καὶ γλυκέος Those from boiled-down must and sweet wine (ex defruto) κακοστομαχώτερα are worse for the stomach, and at Pliny: "Things which have been preserved in sweet wine (namely, in boiled-down must)