PREFACE.

In establishing the text, I have followed the codex E manuscript E, the authority of which is recognized as primary in the books on physics, as much as possible. Consequently, in many places, I have departed from the text of Bekker Immanuel Bekker, a 19th-century philologist known for his Aristotelian editions. Where this has been done, I have added the reading of the other manuscripts with the sign "al." abbreviation for "aliis" meaning "in others". I have indicated with brackets [ ] what should be removed, and with angle brackets < > what seems to be added. In the variety of readings found among the ancient commentators, the sign (γρ) abbreviation for "γραφεται," meaning "it is written" indicates that the reading is mentioned by the interpreter but is not accepted. Adolphus Torstrik corrected the critical apparatus of Bekker in various places from the original manuscript ("The Authenticity of the Berlin Edition of Aristotle" in "Philologus," Vol. 12, p. 494 ff.), which, because of the true reading of codex E, could not be omitted. Regarding the emendations brought forward by more recent learned men, which I have either received into the text or cited, one should compare the writings of Hermann Bonitz ("Aristotelian Studies," Fasc. 1—4), Leonardus Spengel ("On the Seventh Book of the Physics of Aristotle" and "Fragments of Eudemus," p. 35), Adolphus Torstrik (in "Fleckeisen, Yearbooks," Vol. 95 (1867), p. 236 ff., in "Hermes," Vol. 9, p. 425 ff., in "Philologus," Vol. 26, p. 446 ff.), and M. Hayduck ("Program of the Greifswald Gymnasium," 1871 and 1873).