Pliny: Natural History, Vol. II

17 II. The length of Baetica at present from the boundary of the town of Castulo to Gadis is 250 miles, and from the maritime shore of Murgi it is 25 miles more. The breadth from Carteia along the coast to the Ana is 234 miles. Who could believe that Agrippa, a man of such great diligence—and beyond that, possessing such care in this work when he intended to present a survey of the world for the city original: "urbi" to behold—made a mistake, and that the divine Augustus made one with him? For Augustus completed the portico The Porticus Octaviae, located between the Circus Flaminius and the Theatre of Marcellus. that contained the survey, which had been begun by his sister in accordance with the design and memoranda of Marcus Agrippa.

18 III. The old form of Hither Spain, like that of many provinces, has been changed significantly, especially since Pompey the Great testified on the trophies he set up in the Pyrenees that he had brought 876 towns between the Alps and the borders of Further Spain into his subjection. Today the whole province is divided into seven jurisdictions: Carthaginiensis, Tarraconensis, Caesaraugustanus, Cluniensis, Asturum, Lucensis, and Bracarum. There are also islands, which we shall mention separately, but the province itself, besides 293 states that are contributory to others, contains 189 towns: among these are 12 colonies, 13 towns of Roman citizens, 18 of old Latin rights, one treaty town, and 135 tributary towns.

19 The first people on the coast are the Bastuli; after them, in the order to be described while receding inland, are the Mentesani, the Oretani, and toward

the Tagus, the Carpetani; next to them are the Vaccaei, the Vettones, and the Celtiberian Arevaci.