GALEN ON THE AFFECTED PARTS

Ed. Chart. VII. [380.]                                             Ed. Bas. III. (249.)

...to say either that the pleura The membrane lining the chest cavity. Original: "ὑπεζωκότα" / "succingentem membranam." has been wounded, or that the chest has been pierced through. Indeed, the affected part is sometimes recognized from the things that grow upon it. For there is a specific quality in the substance of these growths. An example is the "mushrooms" Galen refers to fungal-like growths or granulations of tissue. Original: "μυκήτων" / "fungorum." found in fractures of the head when the meninx The membrane surrounding the brain. Original: "μῆνιγξ." has been affected. Another specific quality is seen when a bone is affected in some part.

To this class of signs belongs what is called an ulcerous shred A piece of tissue or a scab shed from an internal wound. Original: "ἐφελκὶς" / "ramentum ulceris.". It shows that the part from which it was excreted is ulcerated. If it should come out with the urine, it signifies one of the urinary organs. If it is brought up with a cough, it signifies the respiratory organs. If it is vomited, it signifies the esophagus and the stomach. In the same way, if it should come out with the bowel movements, it indicates an ulceration of one of the intestines.

There is another method of diagnosis based on certain signs when something unnatural is contained in a space where it does not belong. Examples include a stone in the kidneys or bladder, or pus in the chest. To this class also belongs a blood clot, wherever it may be contained, or some other troublesome humor In Galenic medicine, these are the four primary bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Here, it refers to any fluid that has become morbid or misplaced. generated within the body of the living being, or perhaps arriving from the outside...