BOOK 4. 11

Ed. Chart. VII. [381. 382.] Ed. Bas. III. (250.)

...legs, you shall shake them in various ways, making an effort for the stone to fall out of the passage. When you have done these things, tell the child to try hard to urinate. If the attempt succeeds and the urine is expelled, you will be convinced that you have both achieved an accurate diagnosis of the cause and found a successful treatment. If the ischuria The medical term for an inability to pass urine. Original Greek: "ἰσχουρίας." continues, shake him a second time more forcefully. If the condition remains the same even after shaking, then use the instrument called a catheter A thin, hollow tube inserted into the bladder to allow urine to drain. Galen describes this as a mechanical way to move an obstruction. Original Greek: "καθετῆρος.". This will both push the stone away from the neck of the bladder and guide the flow of urine. If no signs of a stone appeared before the suppression of urine, but there was some discharge of blood, it is likely that a blood clot Original Greek: "θρόμβον." is blocking the urethra The tube that carries urine out of the body.. It is also possible for a clot to form gradually within the bladder even if no bleeding was seen beforehand, especially if the bladder is ulcerated. It is also possible for blood flowing from the kidneys through the ureters The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder. Original Greek: "οὐρητήρων." into the bladder to form a clot. In such cases, a catheter is useful, just as it is when we suspect that pus or a thick and sticky humor has blocked the passage. [382] Into such a suspicion...

...you shall shake him, striving to make the stone fall out of the passage. After these steps are finished, order the child to try to pass urine. If the matter succeeds and the urine flows out, you may be certain that you have an accurate diagnosis of the cause and that the cure is at hand. If the suppression of urine nevertheless continues, you shall shake him again more violently. If it still remains this way after the shaking is done, then lower the so-called catheter Original Latin: "cathetere." to push the calculus A medical stone. Original Latin: "calculum." back from the neck of the bladder and provide a path for the urine. But if the retention of urine appears with no preceding signs of a stone, but with some discharge of blood, it is likely that a clot Original Latin: "grumum." is obstructing the urethra. It is also possible, when the bladder is ulcerated, for a clot to grow within it bit by bit, even without a preceding flow of blood. It also happens that blood flowing down from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder forms a clot. In such estimations, the catheter is useful, just as it is when we suspect that either pus or a thick and sticky humor has intercepted the passage. In these types of...