The Complete Works of Galen, Vol. 11

BOOK 4

Charterian Edition Vol. 10 [347] Basle Edition Vol. 4 (198)

...as has been declared in my books on the pulse. original: "de pulsibus" After considering these, one must seek a diagnosis from other signs. If the emotions themselves have ceased but the feverish condition remains, you will find only a faint sign in the pulse of the disturbances that brought on the fever. However, other signs will be sufficient for you even without the pulse. In almost all these cases, the urine appears reddish. reddish urine: "pyrrha" (πυῤῥά); in Galenic medicine, this color often suggested the presence of "yellow bile" or excess internal heat.

In those who suffer from grief original: "lype" (λύπη), there is a sense of bitterness or acrimony rather than a great abundance of heat. The opposite is true for those whose fever comes from anger. original: "thymos" (θυμός)

Emaciation of the body is also more obvious in those worn down by grief or worry than in those with other conditions. You will notice a hollowness of the eyes and a certain unusual loss of color. These particular signs are common to any who have exercised their minds with deep thought.

However, you must distinguish these cases primarily by the eyes. From the eyes, one can judge the character of the soul original: "psyche" (ψυχή) even in those who are healthy. In the sick, these signs are even clearer to a physician who is able to observe them accurately. This is how one should distinguish those who have worried over their studies and theories original: "mathemata" (μαθήματα) from those who are suffering from grief.

For those who have a fever due to sleeplessness original: "agrypnia" (ἀγρυπνία), the specific type of discoloration distinguishes them. In their case, the face appears somewhat swollen...