ON THE COMPOSITION OF MEDICINES BY PART, BOOK II

...to receive into the larynx that which flows down into it, by resisting the cough that occurs. For if they endure so as not to cough, they will allow some of the medicine to flow down into the larynx and the windpipe arteria Galen refers here to the "rough artery," which we now call the trachea. However, it is impossible for those treated in this way to have a clear voice without using medicines that cleanse without stinging original Greek: "adektos," meaning without biting or irritating the tissue. Such medicines include bean porridge, barley water ptisana, and roasted linseed. These substances are intermediate between medicines of moderate power and those that are "plastering" emplastics medicines that coat or cover the internal surfaces. Stronger cleansers than these are terebinth resin resin from the turpentine tree, Pistacia terebinthus and frankincense, as well as skimmed honey and bitter almonds. Even stronger than these are bitter vetch flour, clary sage seed horminum, iris root, and all-heal panax. For all of these, soft and sweet wines are suitable, such as Cretan, Theraean, and Scybelite a sweet wine from the region of Pamphylia. In addition, there is a substance that is strangely neglected, called hepsema a concentrated grape juice made by boiling down must by the Greeks in our region of Asia. Those who speak in the Attic dialect call it siraeum, as do others who refer to a decoction of dried figs...

...the windpipe arteria should receive that which flows into it by resisting the arising cough. By struggling not to cough, they will permit some of the medicine to flow into the top of the windpipe, and even to drip down the windpipe itself. However, it is impossible for those so treated to have a clear voice without the use of medicines that cleanse without sharpness. Such remedies include boiled crushed beans, barley water ptisana, and toasted linseed. These hold a middle position between medicines of moderate faculty and those that cover the passages. Stronger cleansers than these are terebinth resin, frankincense, skimmed honey, and bitter almonds. Again, stronger than these are vetch flour, clary sage seed, iris root, and all-heal seed. Furthermore, soft and sweet wines are appropriate for all these: Cretan, Theraean, and Scybelite. To these I add something I do not know why is neglected, which is called hepsema or sapa the Latin term for boiled-down grape must by the Greeks in our Asia. Those who speak in the Attic style call it siraeum, just as others call the decoction of dried figs siraeum...