Pomponius Mela, Julius Solinus, and the Antonine Itinerary

...juts out. It separates the Aegean from the Ionian sea. Illyria occupies the side of the Adriatic. Between the Adriatic itself and the Tuscan [Sea], Italy runs forward. In the inner Tuscan [Sea] is Gaul. Beyond is Hispania. This [land] turns toward the west and finally even toward the north with diverse fronts. Then, again, there is Gaul, far and until now promised from our shores. From it, the Germans extend toward the Sarmatae. Those [peoples] extend toward Asia. This concerns Europe.

A General Description of Africa. Chapter III.

AFRICA, bounded on the east by the Nile and by the open sea on the other sides, is indeed shorter than Europe, because it is nowhere stretched out against Asia, nor along the entirety of these shores. Yet it is longer itself than it is wide, and where it is reached by the river, it is most wide. And as it proceeds from there, it continues curved toward the setting sun, rising especially in the middle into ridges, and it tapers off gently, and for that reason, it is more drawn in little by little from its extent. Where it ends, there it is most narrow. As much of it as is inhabited is exceptionally fertile; however, because most of it is uncultivated—and either covered in barren sands, or deserted due to the condition of the sky and the lands, or infested with a numerous and harmful breed of animals—it is vast rather than populous. We call the sea by which it is surrounded on the north the Libycan; on the south, the Aethiopic; on the west, the Atlantic. From that part which lies adjacent to the Libycan [Sea], the province nearest to the Nile is that which they call Cyrenaica. Then [is the region] to which the name of the entire territory was given as a surname: Africa. The Numidians and the Moors hold the rest. But the Moors are exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Beyond the Ni-