those which they have in common with open ones, are for the most part the opposite.

The proximate cause is the weakness of the expulsive faculty and the strength of the retentive faculty, arising from the narrowness, obstruction, constriction, hardness, or solidity of the vessels, which are caused by either a paucity, coldness, thickness, or viscosity of the blood, or by its anarrhopia upward tendency, and its aversion through superior evacuations.

The remote causes are: ambient cold; sitting on a cold stone; the use of cooling, thickening, or astringent foods or medicines; anger (as noted by the Excellent Lord Dr. Rolfinc), which excites a rhopēn inclination/tendency of the blood toward the heart and turns it away from the habitual ways of evacuation; obstructions of the viscera; hypochondriac affection; and also the untimely cure of excessive hemorrhoids, about which Hippocrates, 6 Epidemics 3 and 6 Aphorisms 12 writes.

X. The CAUSES of PAIN (as an eminent symptom), which most often occurs in blind hemorrhoids, besides the common solution of continuity, are those very acrid and burnt humors which, because they cannot find an exit, distend, irritate, and lancinate the surrounding membranous and nervous parts. This happens more or less according to the remission or intension of the tension and the influx of thicker or more abundant blood into the vessels. The tunics of the veins and arteries do not properly feel, as attested by Aristotle, Galen, and experience, although Jacchin, chapter 72 in 9 Rhas seems to deny this. But the membranes and skin of the anus, because of their thinness, imitating the skin of the lips, are endowed with an exquisite sense; the reason for this is added by Aquapendente, Surgery, fol. 107. Joh. Crato, Consilium 206, fol. 599a asserts that winds, also excited by thick blood, sometimes stir up pain. External things can also stir up pain with little effort, about which [we speak] more fully elsewhere.

CAP. V.

ON DIFFERENCES.

I.
From what has been said so far, various DIFFERENCES of hemorrhoids come to light, the first and most important of which is sought from the GENUS or