II. Lexicographers.

2. صحاح الجوهري The Verifier of al-Jawhari, i.e., the most famous Arabic lexicon by the author Ebi Nasr Ismail f. Hamad al-Jawhari al-Farabi, who died in the year 339 of the Hegira, in folio.

The author, as Hajji Khalifa reports, stayed for a long time in Egypt and Arabia to investigate words, then returned to Khorasan and lived in Nishapur. The most famous Arab philologists Tha'alibi and Yaqut praise this work highly; for many commentators, glossators, and authors of epitomes, see the bibliographic dictionary of Hajji Khalifa; this volume ends at the letter ب (ba).

3. The second volume of the same work, at the letter م (mim).

4. The last volume of this work, different in script and form, beginning from the letter م (mim) and ending at the end of the alphabet.

5. مرقاة اللغة The Ladder of Language (the Greeks say λογα words, which shares the same root as the Arabic اللغة language). An Arabic-Turkish lexicon compiled from al-Jawhari and al-Qamus; the author took 14,000 words from the former and 6,000 from the latter; neither the codex nor Hajji Khalifa himself reveals his name. The Arabic words are written individually with an interlinear Turkish translation; in folio.

6. نعمة الله The Logos of Nimetollah. A Persian-Turkish lexicon by the author Nimetollah f. Ahmed f. Mobarek of Rumelia. He collected his work from seven dictionaries: namely, وسيلة المقاصد Wesiletol makassid; اقنوم عجم aknumi adschem; قاسميه Kassemye; لطف الله Lutfallah; حليمي Hulimi; قره حصاري Karahissari; صحاح عجم Sahahi adschem; in 4to.

7. لغات حليمي The Words of Halimi. A Persian-Turkish dictionary, from which the aforementioned Nimetollah drew his material. The author's name is Lutfallah, son of Ebi Yusuf al-Halimi, who first composed a Persian philological work under the title بحر الغرائب The Sea of Rarities, then wrote this dictionary to explain it, dividing it into two parts, of which the first explains common words, and the second part, which should rather be called an appendix, explains words and phrases that occur less frequently, in large 4to.

8. The same work, better executed, in large 4to.

9. The same work, but the second part is missing.

10. The same work, without the second part.

11. The same work.

12. صحاح عجم The Persian Verifier. A very brief Persian-Arabic lexicon, by the author Hindshah of Nakhchivan, who followed the order and arrangement of the Arabic Verifier of al-Jawhari and imposed the name Persian Verifier on his work. For every Persian word, an Arabic meaning is added, and usually, a Turkish meaning is placed underneath.