Panathenaea: Or, A Singular Book on the Twin Festival of Minerva

work On the Festivals of the Greeks, to be published soon, God willing.

CAP. IX.

After this, the gymnastic contest, also called the contest of "Good Manliness" [Euandria]. When it was instituted, and where it was held. It had its own stadium, called the Panathenaic; first built by Lycurgus, and renovated by Herodes.

After the equestrian contest, I think the gymnastic one was celebrated; and I conjecture this from the fact that it is much older than the musical one. Mention of it is in the Decree of the Athenians, which exists among the works of Hippocrates: "And to proclaim the crown at the Great Panathenaea, in the gymnastic contest." Zenobius also mentions it, Century IV, Proverb VI: "He was killed by the youths in Athens out of envy, after having won the pentathlon at the Panathenaea." And Athenaeus, Book V: "Autolycus was crowned for the pankration a severe form of boxing and wrestling at the Panathenaea." And I believe this is the very thing which is called by others the contest of Euandria the contest of good manliness or physical excellence. See in Harpocration: "The contest of Euandria was held at the Panathenaea." And in Andocides, Oration against Alcibiades: "And yet I happen to have won in Euandria, with the torch, and with the tragedians." It was instituted in the 53rd Olympiad, in the 3rd year. Eusebius in his Chronicle expressly notes at that time: "The gymnastic contest of the Panathenaea was held." An anonymous author in the Description