De proiectione geographica de Lisliana in mappa generali imperii Russici usitata

represented. However, in the construction of such a map, it seemed necessary above all that regions of the same size should also be expressed by an equal quantity, in whatever place on the map they were to be located.

§. 3. Moreover, another disadvantage was discovered in the fact that in this projection the meridians are continuously curved more sharply as they progress from the middle toward the edges, and thus the extreme ones are represented by semicircles. For example, in the Province of Kamtchatka, all the meridians would be circular arcs, curved quite significantly; wherefore, if anyone were to cut out or delineate this portion from the general map in order to obtain a special chart of that Province, it would be highly inappropriate and contrary to the laws that are usually observed in constructing geographical charts. It was, however, the main intention that from the general map, all special maps could be described by mere delineation without any further reduction and obtain the shape accepted by use.

§. 4. Having therefore rejected this method of projection, the method by which polar hemispheres are commonly represented was subjected to examination; but although here all meridians are expressed by straight lines converging at the pole, by which means the other disadvantage would be avoided, yet because the individual degrees of latitude are too unequal among themselves in all the meridians, being twice as small near the poles as they are near the Equator, this projection also seemed to be rejected; since this was requested above all: that the same scale of miles should apply everywhere throughout the map, and the true size of the individual Provinces could be rightly judged from the appearance of the geographical chart.

§. 5. Therefore, it was necessary to think of another method of projection, which, in the first place, would exhibit all meridians as straight lines, in which all degrees of latitude would also obtain the same quantity; and then, that all parallels would intersect the meridians at right angles. Since, however, in this way it can by no means happen