[De articulis fidei]

has been born again of water and the Holy Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God." Secondly, it is necessary that a person receive perfect virtue, as it were by a certain spiritual growth, through the sacrament of confirmation, in the likeness of the apostles, whom the Holy Spirit, coming upon them, confirmed. Whence the Lord said to them at the end of Luke: "Sit in the city, until you are clothed with power from on high." Thirdly, it is necessary that a person be spiritually nourished through the sacrament of the eucharist, according to that in John 6: "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man, etc." Fourthly, it is necessary that the spiritual person be healed through the sacrament of penance, according to that in the Psalm: "Heal my soul, for I have sinned against thee." Fifthly, spiritually as well as bodily, through the sacrament of extreme unction, according to that in the end of James: "Is any among you sick, etc." Regarding the common utility of the Church, two sacraments are ordained: namely, order and matrimony. For by order the Church is governed and multiplied spiritually, while by matrimony it is multiplied corporally.

De sacramentis in omni original: "De sacramentis in omni [communi]" — Concerning the sacraments in general

A red ornamental initial letter E depicts the beginning of the discourse on the commonality of the sacraments.

It must be considered that the aforementioned seven sacraments have some things in common and some things that are proper to them. It is common to all sacraments that they confer grace, as has been said. And it is common to all that every sacrament consists in bodily things. Just as the flesh of Christ was sanctified and possesses the power of sanctifying through the Word united to it, so too are the elements of the sacraments sanctified and possess the power of sanctifying through the words that are pronounced in them. Whence Augustine says regarding John: "The word is added to the element, and it becomes a sacrament." Whence the words by which the sacraments are sanctified are called the forms of the sacraments. The things, however, which are spoken of by such words are the matters of the sacraments, just as water is the matter of baptism, and chrism is the matter of confirmation. It is also required in